Neurons

Chapter 29. 2
 Neuron: is a specialized cell that stores information and carries
messages within the nervous system and between other body
systems.
Dendrites: are branchlike extensions of the cytoplasm and the
cell membrane that receive messages from neighboring cells.
Axon: An axon is a long extension that carries electrical
messages away from the cell body and passes them to other
cells.

Vocabulary
Resting Potencial: The difference in charge across the membrane
and it contains the potential energy needed to transmit an
impulse.
sodium-potassium pump: which uses energy to actively
transport Na+ ions out of the cell and bring K+ ions into the cell.
 action potential: The stretching causes a change in
charge distribution that triggers a moving electrical
impulse.
Synapse: a tiny gap between the neurons.
The axon terminal: the part of the axon through
Vocabulary which the impulse leaves that neuron, contains
chemical-filled vesicles
Neurotransmitters: are the chemical signals of the
nervous system
 Neurons Cell Dendrit
are highly Axon
body es
specialize
d cells.
 The cell body is the part of the neuron that contains
the nucleus
and organelles.
Dendrites are branchlike extensions of the
cytoplasm and the cell membrane that receive
messages from neighboring cells. Neurons can have
more than one dendrite, and each dendrite can have
many branches.
Each neuron has one axon. An axon is a long
extension that carries electrical messages away from
the cell body and passes them to other cells
 sensory neurons: Sensory neurons detect stimuli
and transmit signals to the brain and the spinal cord,
which are both made up of interneurons.
Interneurons: Interneurons receive signals from
sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and
Types of the spinal cord. They process information and pass
signals to motor neurons.
Neurons motor neurons: Motor neurons pass messages from
the nervous system to tissues in the body, such as
muscles.
 On your notebook draw the figure 2.2
Transmission Through and
Classwork Between Neurons
 Neurons transmit information in the
form of electrical and chemical
impulses.
When a neuron is stimulated, it
Neurons produces an electrical impulse that
receive and travels only within that neuron. Before
the signal can move to the next cell, it
transmit changes into a chemical signal.
signals When a neuron is not transmitting a
signal, it is said to be at rest.
However, this does not mean that the
neuron is inactive.
 While a neuron is at rest, the inside of its cell
membrane is more negatively charged than the
outside.
The difference in charge across the membrane is
called the resting potential and it contains the
potential energy needed to transmit an impulse. The
resting potential occurs because there are unequal
concentrations of ions inside and outside the neuron.
Resting Potential: This means that when no
information is pick up by the neuron the ions are in
equilibrium
Two types of ions:
sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+)
 Resting
Potential
 Action
Potential
 Action
Potential