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ARAVALLI PROVINCE

Shashwat Sinha
MTech GLT
IIT Roorkee
Distinguishing features:

Mainly composed of rocks of Lower Proterozoic


age.
Found in the Western part of India.
Covers an area of over one lakh sq. km.
States : Rajasthan, parts of Gujarat and Madhya
Pradesh and fringes of Delhi and Haryana.
Does not contain typical greenstone belts or
volcanics dominated belts
Aravalli Craton contains the largest felsic volcanic
province of India-Malani Igneous Suite.
Extension/Boundary:
Isolated exposures in Indo- Gangetic Plain
implies extension into Himalayas
(north)
Extends into Thar Great Boundary Fault
Desert and into ARAVALLI terminates it from the
Pakistan
CRATON Vindhyan Basin
(west) (east)
(south)
Terminates against SONATA
(Son -Narmada -Tapi) Lineament
which forms the Northern Boundary of the Central India
General Characters:
AravalliGroup rests unconformably over the
Banded Gneissic Complex.
Banded Gnessic Complex is of Archean age.
Delhi SuperGroup rests unconformably over
the Aravalli Group.
The best succession of Aravalli group is
exposed in the Udaipur district of Rajasthan.
The Aravalli area is divided into two parts
:the eastern part is known as Mewar,and the
western part is know as Marwar.
The western part is mainly composed
of deep sea facies while the eastern
part is composed epicontinental
facies.
From this we can recognize that a
river was flowing from east to west.
Tectono-Stratigraphic
Elements:
BGC
Mineralised Supracrustal
Belts(Rajpura-Dariba,Pur Banera etc)
Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Fold Belt
Mesoproterozoic Delhi Fold Belt
Neoproterozoic
Basins(Sirohi,Sindreth,Punagarh)
Neoproterozoic Malani Igneous Suite
Neoproterozoic Marwar Basins
to west.

Banas lineament or
Jahazpur Thrust that
separates Hindoli belt from
Mangalwar Complex in the
PL north and Mewar Gneiss in
south.
KL

GBF Delwara Lineament


metamorphic-migmatitic
contact between Mangalwar
and Sandmata complexes.

Kaliguman Lineament that


separates Delhi fold belt
from Sandmata Complex in
the north and Aravalli fold
belt in the south.

Rikhadev Lineament
enclosing an ultramafic-
mafic belt between shallow
self and deep water facies
Aravalli fold belt.

Phulad Lineament,West of
Delhi Fold Belt marked the
+ and X denote tectonic boundary between
Basement Complex- Mewar and Marwar cratons
of composite Aravalli
Hindoli,Mangalwar,San Craton.
Banded Gneissic
Complex(BGC)
Heron(1953) considers it as the
oldest stratigraphic unit of
Rajasthan.

Gupta termed BGC in South RJ as


BGC-I is actually a Tonalite
Trondjemite Granite(TTG) which is
intruded by basement granitoids.
(like Untala and Gingla Granite)
In Central RJ,BGC was termed as
BGC-II,subdivided by
Gupta(1997) :

Supracrustal and MetaIgneous


granulites of Sandmata
Complex(SMC) and

Amphibolite facies
supracrustals and Granitoids/TTG
Other Tectono Startigraphic Units related
to BGC occuring within Aravalli Craton

HINDOLI GROUP:
Named after Hindoli near Bundi.
Both faulted and unconformable
with Vindhyan.
Equated with Gwalior group of
Bundelkhand Craton.
Mainly Turbidite with minor
volcanics,greywackes and
phyllite.
BERACH GRANITE:

Correlated with Bundelkhand


Granite
Contains two phases-older
foliated granodiorite and younger
grey granite.
Both granite phases intruded by
pegmatite.
Rb-Sr dating-2450 to 2610 Ma.
MANGALWAR COMPLEX:

Vast Stretch of gneiss between


Banas Lineament(BL) bounding
the Hindoli belt in east and the
Delwara Lineament(DL) bounding
Sandmata Complex(SMC).

Divided into
Lasaria,Potla,Suwana and Kekri
SANDMATA COMPLEX(SMC):

Consists of large areas of migmatitic gneisses


in amphibolite facies containing enclaves
similar to those of Magalwar Complex called
Tanwan Group.

Alsopresent,enclaves similar to basement


gneisses(Mewar Gneiss)called Sawadri Group.

2830 Ma
MINERALISED SUPRACRUSTAL
BELTS
JAHAZPUR BELT:Basal
Conglomerate,gritty
quartzite,grey phyllite,dolomite
with BIF,rhyolite and Basic
Volcanics.

Greenschist Facies of
Metamorphism.

Compared with Berach Granite.


SAWAR
BELT:BasalConglomerate,Quartzite,Dolomiti
c Marble,Silimanite-Mica Schist.
PUR-BANERA BELT:Basal
Conglomerate,Quartzite,Mica
Schist,BIF,Dolomitic Marble.Pb-Zn-Cu
Mineralisation.
RAJPURA-DARIBA BELT:Basal
Conglomerate,Quartzite,Ferruginous and
Manganiferous Chert.Pb-Zn-Cu and Silver
Mineralisation prominent.
RAMPURA-AGUCHA BELT:Pb-Zn
deposit,MetaSedimentary sequence of Grnt-
Bt-Si Gneiss,Basaltic and Andesitic
amphibolite.
PALEOPROTEROZOIC FOLD BELT
-2200-1800 Ma
-Pb-Zn Mineralisation prominent.
-Three main Generations of Folding.
-Middle Amphibolite facies of Metamorphism,Western part shows Greenschist
Facies.
-Igneous Intrusion-Salumbar Granite,Jaisamand Granite,Jhalara Granite
-Based on the Lithostratigraphic classification:
Delhi SuperGroup
UNCONFORMITY
Champaner Group(Post orogenic sediment)
Lunavada Group
ARAVALLI Jharol Group
SUPERGROUP Udaipur Group
Debari Group
Delwara Group
UNCONFORMITY
Banded Gneissic Complex
Images of Stromatolite found in
Proterozoic rocks
MESOPROTEROZOIC DELHI FOLD
BELT

Divided into North Delhi Fold


Belt(NDFB) and South Delhi Fold
Belt(SDFB) depending on age of
granite intrusion.
Line separating NDFB and SDFB
is Bithur Pisangan Line.
NDFB
-Low Pressure Metamorphism.
Three generations of Folding.
-Intruded by various granites like
Bairath Granite,Ajitgarh
Granite,Barodia Granite,Harsoria
Granite.

RAIALO GROUP:
-Basal Conglomerate(well
sorted,Texturally mature
suggesting Beach Environment)
-Pebbly Quartzites
ALWAR GROUP:
-Conglo.,Orthoquartzite,Feldspathic
Quartzite
AJABGARH GROUP:
-Overlies Alwar disconformably
-Carbonaceous Phyllite in the lower
part and Ferruginous Quartzite in
upper.

KHETRI BASIN:Important for


presence of Copper.
-Divided into North Khetri
Belt(NKB) and South Khetri
Belt(SKB).
SDFB -Intermediate Pressure type
Metamorphism,Low to Medm
Grade.
-Strongly deformed.
-Intruded by various granites
like Sendra-Ambaji Granite
Suite.

BHIM GROUP:
-Pelitic to Semi pelitic
Schists,Calc Silicates.
RAJGARH GROUP:
-Cross bedded quartzite,Pelitic
Schist,Calc Gneiss
SENDRA GROUP:
-
Metabasalt,Marble,Semipelite,Q
uartzite
BAROTIYA GROUP:
-Barr Conglo.,Impure
Marble,MetaVolc.
BASANTGARH GROUP:
NEOPROTEROZOIC OF MARWAR
CRATON
-Marwar Craton consists
of Neoproterozoic
supracrustal belts of
Sirohi,Sindreth and
Punagarh.

SIROHI GROUP:
-Fine grained sediments
of pelite-quartzite-marble
occuring near Sirohi.
SINDRETH GROUP:
-Thick Sequence of weakly
deformed and feebly
metamorphosed
arenaceous sediments
PUNAGARH GROUP:
-Oval Outcrop near
Punagarh containing
Shale,Phyllite and Mica
GRANITE INTRUSIONS
ERINPURA GRANITE:
325 km long and 3 to 15 km wide
along the western margin of SDFB
and Sirohi belt and includes Mt.Abu
and Sewariya granites.
Sewariya Granite is the largest
pluton of the erinpura granite suite.
Other granites are BALDA
GRANITE,DEGANA GRANITE,GODHRA
GRANITE.
MALANI IGNEOUS
SUITE(MIS)-MIS is the largest felsic volcanic
province of India and the 3rd largest in
the world.

Rock Type:
MIS divided into 3 phases of igneous
activity .

3.Dyke Swarms-
Gabbro,Dolerite,Granite,Rhyolite,And
esite etc.

2.Granitoids-Malani,Jalor and Siwana


Granites.

1.Bimodal Volcanics-
Rhyolite,Rhyodacite,Dacite.

Age-Ranges from 725 to 745 Ma.

MIS=EXTRUSIVE +INTRUSIVE
NEOPROTEROZOIC MARWAR
BASINS
-Typically platformal sequence
characterised by the presence of
Evaporites.

-Marwar Supergroup deposited in


two separate basins;Large Nagaur
Basin and Small Birmania Basin.

Lithostratigraphy-

PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS
-------------------------------------------------
-----
NAGAUR
GRP:Sst,siltstone,shale,B.C.
HANSERAN
GRP:Dolo,Magnesite,Stromatolite,
Lst.
JODHPUR
GRP:Sst,Shale,Lst,Chert.
TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF
ARAVALLI CRATON

-Geological event started with generation of TTG


gneisses at 3300 Ma through two stage melting
and fractionation.
-Stable Continental Crust evolved in the craton by
about 3000 Ma.
-Intrusion of granitoids(Untala,Gingla,Sendra) and
mafic dykes complete the first cratonisation
events at 2800 Ma.
-Next major cratonisation event occurred at 2500-
2600 Ma when Berach Granite and associated
BGC were formed by melting and mixing of
juvenile and crustal components.
-Basement granulites of SMC are
uplifted from deeper crust during
later thermal events.
-Hindoli Grp was equated with
secondary greenstones that were
intruded by the Archean Berach
and Jahazpur Granites.
1.Opening of Aravalli
Basin due to rifting.

2.Sedimentation in the
Aravalli Basin started
synchronously with
basic magmatism
producing gabbros and
basalts.

3.Gradual Subsidence &


Subduction of the
Aravalli Basin Floor.

4.Decompression
Melting occurred.

5.Underplating caused
crustal extension.

6.Untala,Gingla,Sendra
7.Slab Break off occurred.

8.Continued
underplating,Granulite facies of
Metamorphism,SMC granulite
emplaced.

9.Re-Extension of crust forming


Delhi and Mangalwar Basins.

10.Collisional Orogeny causing


the Delhi and Mangalwar Basins
to close.Rocks underwent
polyphase deformation-
folding,shearing.

11.Culmination of Orogeny with


the emplacement of Khetri and
Bairath granite.
Thereby,Aravalli Province is really
significant in Indian Geological History
and has undergone intense deformation
and is also economically important
hosting Pb-Zn-Cu deposits.

THANK YOU

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