BOTTOM UP 3

READIN
TOP DOWN G
INTERACTIVE MODEL
S
 Is a graphic attempt to
READIN depict how individuals
G perceives a words,
MODEL processes a clause and
comprehends a text
 Emphasized Written Printed Text
Commences in Individual
BOTTOM UP Phonemes, Letters, Words
MODEL KEY FEATURES
Philip Gough; 1972
Focuses on Physical Text 1. Letter names and shapes
Structure; Text-Driven
2. Letter relationships
3. Words Meaning
 Readers reconstruction of meaning
conveyed by the text
TOP DOWN Works on readers Schema
MODEL Predictions out of the learned schema
K. Goodman
Rely on the printed text only for two
Focuses on terms:
constructing
meaning from the 1. CONFIRM HYPOTHESIS
text 2. GENERATE HYPOTHESIS
Highlights Higher Order Thinking Skills
Inferences on the readers attempt to
construct meaning
 GOOD READERS are:
- Good Decoders
- Good Intepreters
INTERACTIVE Skills and Strategies in Meaningful Context
MODEL
David Rumelhart; 1977
Combination of RUMELHART MODEL
Bottom Up and Top- Successful reading is both PERCEPTUAL
Down Model AND COGNITIVE PROCESS
* orthographic
*grapo-phonic,lexical, syntactic,semantic,
schematic, pragmatic knowledge and Non
Prose Material