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3.3 x 50 = 165x/menit
Gambar 3.2. Perhitungan aksis
A. Aksis Normal : Lead I: I= +4.5; lead aVF : +12.5; aksis = 72
B. Deviasi aksis ke kanan : Lead I = -10; lead aVF : +8; aksis = +140
C. Deviasi aksis ke kiri : Lead I = +5; lead aVF : -10; aksis = - 60
CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
CLASSIFICATION :
- Permanent pace-maker
R/ : - Simpatomimetik : Ephedrin
- Anti cholinergic: Atropine
Sekian
dan
Terima Kasih
COMMON UNDERLYING DISEASES
CAUSING ARRHYTHMIAS
1. Ischemic Heart Disease :
Acute myocardial infarction
Myocardial ischemia ( HHD, LVH, CAD)
Left ventricle aneurysma
2. CARDIOMYOPATHY
3. Valvular Heart disease
4. Myocarditis
5. Congenital Hearth disease
6. Conduction system abnormalities :
Sinus R AV-node disease
By pass tract
7. Chronic pulmonary disease : Hypokemia
8. Endocrine : Thyrotoxicosis
9. Electrolide imbalance
10. Drug-induce : Sympathomimetic, caffeine
11. Increase Symphatetic / vagal activity
DRUG O P BIO T Doses Doses Maintenance
(%) (hari) Loading
Stable Unstable
Vagel Stimulation
Adenosine
Heart function Amiodarone, B-blokers,
preserved Verapamil
Juctional
tachycardia EF < 40% Amiodarone
Heart function
preserved Verapamil, B-blokers,
Digoxin, Cardioversion,
Paroxysmal SVT Amiodarone, Sotalol,
Adenosine
EF < 40%
Digoxin, Amiodarone
Heart function
Verapamil, B-blockers,
Ectopic / multifocal preserved
Amiodarone
atrial tachycardia
EF < 40% Amiodarone
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION / FLUTTER
CONTROL RATE CONVERT RHYTIM
Normal Cardiac Verapamil
Function B-Blocker Amiodarone
Propafenone
Na+ channel
Increased Threshold blocker
Ca++ channel
blocker
3. Reentry
Atrial fibrillation (AF)
Atrial Flutter
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Woeff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
4. Block
1o AV block
2o AV block
3o AV block (Total AV Block)
Narrow QRS Complex
Retrograde P
Vent-rate : 140 200 x / min
Vagal Maneuver Response
Wide QRS Complex, V1(+), LAD/Superior
AV dissociation / fusion beat
Vent-rate : 150 250 x / min
Vagal Maneuver No Response