INTRODUCTION TO

CIVILIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
(PENGENALAN ILMU
KETAMADUNAN)

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 Why we learn this course?
Look at the world
through different
perspectives
(Lihat dunia dari
perspektif yang
berbeza) Develop excellent
Analyze some personality and
contemporary confidence
issues (Bina personaliti
(Analisa isu dan jati diri unggul)
kontemporari)

Is there any clash of

civilizations? The way to live in
( Betulkah wujud multi cultural
pertembungan society
budaya?) (Cara ingin hidup
Inculcate universal
values dalam dunia yang
(Tanam nilai sejagat) berbilang budaya
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dan etnik).
1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF TITAS

Learning TITAS does not mean to focus on

HISTORY , but it is to learn about aspects
related to development of a civilization so
we can practice and develop them...

Belajar TITAS bukanlah bermaksud memfokuskan ke atas

SEJARAH, tapi belajar tentang aspek-aspek yang membina
tamadunan untuk kita mempraktikkannya dan
memperkembangkannya

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1.2 CIVILIZATIONAL STUDY AND
HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION

1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY: Related to

theories, basic concepts and
characteristics of a civilization. Pengajian
ketamadunan ialah teori, konsep-konsep asas dan ciri-ciri bagi sesebuah
tamadun.

2) HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION (ITS

BIOGRAPHY): related to its past
experience from its development,
emergence and collapse (its related to
the study of the past).
Sejarah tamadun (biografi tamadun) ialah pengalaman yang dilalui oleh 4
1.3 DEFINITION FOR A CIVILIZATION

Current definition about the

civilization: its about material
achievement based on science &
technology (S & T) as what been
promoted by the Westerners.

Perspektif semasa tamadun - kemajuan kebendaan sesebuah

masyarakat terutamanya dalam bidang sains dan teknologi (S&T)
selari dengan penonjolannya dalam tamadun Barat

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 LITERAL DEFINITIONS

1) Civilization = Latin word civitas means

town (bandar) dan cities (kota).
Therefore, civilization = the establishment
of municipal (perbandaran) and cities
(kota).

2) Tamaddun =Arabic word Maddana

means:
a) Manner/Moral/Ethics & Religiousity
refinement.. 6
 Terminological Definition

a) Civilization = umran which refers to development &

advancement of flourishing and prosperity of lives in
the aspect of social, industrial & cultural organization.
These include the needs of food, clothes, house
facilities, etc (Ibn Khaldun).

b) Spiritual and material achievement occurred in a city

(M.A.Beg).

c) A social order that increase productivity, cultral,

which consist of 4 elementseconomics resources,
political system, moral traditions and arts (Will Durant
).

d) Social system which help people to increase

productivity which consist of 4 elements economic 7
 (cont.)
e) Modernization which developed by social
system, governance, economics, and cultural
that based on Allahs jurisprudence and
Islamic ethics (akhlak) (Syed Qutb).

f) : Western Civilization emphasizes on

materials which brings to modernization to
the society (Oswald Spengler).

g) : Modernization that complement spiritual

enhancement (Albert Schwetzer).

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1.4 INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATION
BETWEEN RELIGION
A civilization could not be seperated from
religion? religion is the one which defines
about the life for an individual/ a society
whereby it effects are related to human
life.

Tamadun tidak dapat dipisahkah dari agama? - agama

berperanan membentuk pandangan semesta seseorang dan
sesebuah masyarakat serta perilaku tindakan mereka dalam
kehidupan

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1.4 INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATION
BETWEEN CULTURE

A CIVILIZATION is very related to the

history and tradition/ culture of a place.

Tamadun mempunyai pertalian rapat dengan sejarah dan tradisi/

budaya kawasa geografi tertentu

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a) In the course if its evolution, a civilisation
produced, among other things, a universal state and
higher form of religion (Toynbee) .

b) Oriental civilisation such China and India which

could not be exactly understood unless with referring
to the greatest religions in Asia (Thomas Berry) .

c) Muslim civilisation was the product of Muslim

religion (Edward Sullivan).

d) Islam is the main factor for development in Islamic

civilization (Ali Shariati) .

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CIVILIZATION PROCESS

a) From uncivilized to civilized

nation.
Proses yang dilalui oleh sesuatu masyarakat daripada tidak
bertamadun (uncivilized) kepada bertamadun (civilized).

b) From simple society to complex

society. Masyarakat simpel mudah (simple society) kepada
masyarakat kompleks (complex society).

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 CIVILIZATION CONCEPTS
Civilization/ Tamadun ( )/ Haarah ()
/Umrn ( )/ Madaniyyah ()

A bundle of Achievement & Establishment in the aspects of

Tangible: Intangible: Spiritual

Material/physical (Manner, Intellectual,
(building, structure, behavior, feeling, ethics,
cities, facilities, food, culture, personality,etc)
science & technology,
etc)

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1.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF
A CIVILIZATION

1)Building & Structures:

Ibn. Khaldun said civilization as social &
cultural organization, hadharah,
Urbanization with clean air, enough food,
sources of food, development, sewerage 14
 2) Language & Writing :
For the purpose of interaction and
communication to disseminate the
information and ideas 15
 l e y
Val
d us
In

3) Land (specific area):

a society with 5,000 people living in one place,
having a written language and monument
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4) Needs:
Social order, social development, clean air, enough
food (sources of food), sewerage and irrigation. There
are 3 levels of human needs in Islm, i.e. Daruriyyat,
Hajiyyat & Tahsiniyaat. 17
5) Social & community Institution:
Social organization based on status, hierarchy and
races such elite (landlord) group & servant group,
privilege

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6) Religion:
Doctrine to Guide:
holy book,
recognized
teaching brought
by a recognized
prophet send by
God, man as
vicegerent on
earth, mortality of
creation

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 Prime Minister
Office Complex

7) Governance system:
Start from the family context, social, states, nations
in order to manage & coordinate human needs and
responsibility. It also includes the form of
legislative, civil services, council, police, military,

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 8) Arts & Culture:
the symbol of life cohesiveness and
group membership as a way of life and
entertainment
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 9) Economy:
The transaction of items for the life
survival and upgrade the lifestyle and
needs.
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 10) Science & Technology:
the innovative and creative product in
various field such agriculture,
transportation, etc
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11) Education:
Character building, knowledge based
society, inner transformation, realizing
the reality of men & life)

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12) Family institution
(cooperation among family members, living
together, guide by local rules and values)
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13) Development
( Based on morality, justice, &
ownership )
14) Sovereignty
Ethics and morality as foundation for nation
tability
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 1.6 Factors of Emergence of Civilization

Positive Depressing
Influences distress
Experience

Religious Strategic
boost Geographical Appreciation
areas of Moral 27
a. Stategic location for a settlement whereby there
are natural resources could be found for their
living. Kedudukan strategik sesebuah penempatan masyarakat
memperoleh sumber-sumber semula jadi untuk kelangsungan kehidupan.

b. Religion and spiritual boost. Rangsangan keagamaan dan

kerohanian.

c. Application of high moral and values among the

leaders and society. Penghayatan yang tinggi terhadap moral
dan nilai terpuji oleh pemimpin dan masyarakatnya.

d. Depressing stress of life faced by a nation .

Kesengsaraan hidup yang dialami oleh sesebuah masyarakat.

e. Mutual tolerance to other civilizations. Toleransi yang

tinggi terhadap sumbangan tamadun-tamadun yang lain. 28
 1.6 Falling factors of Civilization

Obvious Moral Decay

Closed
differences among
mindedness
between Leaders
to
wealthy
improvemen
communities
t and
from deprived
changes
people

Natural
Depression and Disaster
abundance of human 29
Based on history, a civilization could collapse based on
these factors:

a) Unjust happens such as the obvious

differences between wealthy communities
from deprived people.

b) Depression and abundance of human

rights.

c) Moral decay prevails among society

especially their leaders.

d) Closed/ narrow mindedness to positive

improvement or changes..
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TOOLS TO BE CIVILIZED PERSON

IN
LIFE (World & Hereafter)

EXCELLENCE

ATTITUDE & ETHICS

KNOWLEDGE

SKILLS & EXPERIENCES

EXPERTISE

HUMAN BEING
 INTELLIGENT PERSON

TOWERING PERSONALITY

Emotional
Intelligenc Quotient (EQ)
e Quotient
(IQ)
Spiritual
Adversi
Quotient (SQ)
ty
Human Being Quotien
t (AQ)
Sternberg (1997), Goleman (1995), Ary Ginanjar (2001), Stoltz, IQ
only constitutes 10-20% for ones success, the rest are for EQ, SQ &
AQ.
1.7 SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN CIVILIZATIONS

Characteristics for the similarities and

differences between civilizations could
be seen in the context of THEOLOGY
and ETHICS.
Ciri-ciri perbezaan dan persamaan antara tamadun boleh
dilihat terutamanya dalam konteks teologi dan etika.

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1.8 CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTION

Within its cultural scope

(Dalam Lingkungan Budaya Yang Sama)

Within its different cultural scope

(Interaksi Dengan Budaya Yang Berbeza)

Interaction with the dominant culture

(Interaksi Antara Peradaban Yang Dominan Dengan Yang
Tidak Dominan)

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1.8 CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE

a) Its definition
b) How to inculcate it, especially in
Malaysia?
a) Dialogue in daily life aspects
b) Dialogue in societal matters
c) Principles for the Civilizational Dialogue
d) Problems faced by the dialogue.

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CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE situation
in Malaysia and the world

United Nation resolution 53/22 states that

2001 is the Civilizational Dialogue for the
world. Resolusi perhimpunan agung Bangsa Bangsa Bersatu
53/22 yang telah mengisytiharkan tahun 2001 sebagai Tahun
Dialog Antara Peradaban Sedunia

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 CONCLUSION

a) All etnics in Malaysia and the world should stand

on the universal values and promote them.

b) The civilizational study is a very important thing

to be highlighted in nowadays.

c) In Malaysia, civilizational dialogue is a MUST for

the continuation of Malaysian civilization.

d) The dialogue is very important to develop basic

spiritual values in sustaining the development of
the physical aspects without neglecting the need to
develop human since human is the core thing for all
developments 37
 IN SHORT

Civilization is the achievement and development in the

aspects of the thought, intellect, ethics and behaviours
that constitutes human personality.
Tamadun adalah pencapaian, perkembangan/ pembangunan dalam
aspek pemikiran, intelek, etika, dan sikap yang membentuk jati diri
manusia.

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Q&A