Growth delimiters in

North-East India
PAST AND THE CURRENT SCENARIO
Submitted by:
Alka PGP/19/186
Avishek
PGP/19/296
Sahil
PGP/19/186
Teresa
North-East India An Overview

Also known as seven sisters.

220 ethnic groups and equal
number of dialects
Covers 7.9% of the total area of the
country
GDP contribution of 2.26%
IMR of 48.8 as compared to country
average of 40
Literacy rate slightly higher than
country average of 75.1%
98% of the border is international
70% of the people depends on
agriculture
26% of the forest cover of India
The problem of
Insurgency
Insurgency

North East India, has been the land of thousand mutinies

Starting with the Naga insurgency since independence ,
several insurgency movements have sprung up in states
of the region
Demands of the group have been wide ranging viz. some
groups aim at cessation, others aimed at creation of
independent tribal states
The cadre strength despite being low in number is
KYKL
sustaining with the help of the populous support it is
receing from the localites

United Peoples Front- Mizoram

Response to insurgency

State response to insurgency movements in the

Northeast has been a complex mix of military
operations, developmental packages, surrender
schemes, peace overtures
Success of such attempts has remained rare. With the
exception of the Mizo National Front (MNF) rebellion that
ended in 1986 and the BLT uprising that culminated in a
peace deal in 2003
Off late, the government of India has been successful in
engaging in talks with the terror outfits viz. the historic
accord with the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland
(NSCN- IM)
Picture during the signing
of peace accord
Impact of Insurgency

Impact of insurgency activitieson society, development

and politics in the Northeast is deep , wide and complex
Internal displacement of population- The Northeast has
witnessed eight major cases of conflictinduced internal
displacements in recent years
A fear psychosis and a great sense of insecurity became
pervasive due to frequent cases of kidnapping, killing,
threat and extortion
Frequent violations of human rights take place at the
hands of the insurgents as well as of the security forces
Geographical
limitations
Geographical Delimiters

Only 8% of India(roughly 3/4th the

size of Maharashtra)

Harsh topography

Land locked

Low connectivity
 Siliguri Corridor

An 23km narrow stretch of land that serves as the

only geographical link to northeast India
Wedged between Bangladesh to south and China to
the north
Focus of attacks from illegal immigrants from
Bangladesh an Maoist Nepal
Heavily patrolled by Indian Army
Single line railway subject to natural disasters
Problems due to governance

Sixth schedule gave tribes in certain regions of four states 1) Assam, 2)

Meghalaya, 3) Mizoram, and 4) Tripura greater autonomy, this gave them
autonomy but the growth in these regions were much lower compared to
other regions
High insurgency and lack of trust in government
North Eastern council under Ministry of Development of North East Region
LACK OF SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
 What is this colour
represent in Indian map??
High Crime Rate

Assam is one of the states which has maximum crime rate

against women
rape, kidnapping and abduction, dowry deaths and cruelty by
husband and his relatives

InNorth-East India, there is a huge influx of small arms due to the

insurgent groups operating there

Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Tripura have been suffering from

ethnic violence for decades

Poaching of the elephantsis a significant problem in the North-

Eastern states ofNagalandandMizoram

Such sustained violence led to a lack of opportunity for people to

exercise their entrepreneurial spirit
High Crime Rate

Assam is one of the states which has maximum crime rate Crimes in Assam in 2012
against women Murders:1368
rape, kidnapping and abduction, dowry deaths and cruelty by Attempts to murder:670
husband and his relatives Rape:1716
Abduction:3812
Riots:5077
InNorth-East India, there is a huge influx of small arms due to the
Arsons:2830
insurgent groups operating there Dowry deaths:140

Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Tripura have been suffering from

ethnic violence for decades

Poaching of the elephantsis a significant problem in the North-

Eastern states ofNagalandandMizoram

Such sustained violence led to a lack of opportunity for people to

exercise their entrepreneurial spirit
 Lack of quality education

The northeast has the least privatized higher

education sector and is almost entirely
dependent on government-run or aided
institutions

Primary school education lacks quality

No trained teachers
Lack of infrastructure facilities

In the age group 22-35 years, only 8% men and

4% women have access to higher education.
Low income and employment opportunities

Latest data shows that incomes in 7 of 8 north-eastern states

are below the national average
Just 15 years ago, four of these states had income levels
higher than the country's average
While education has given the youth political awareness but
due to the stagnation in the economy, there are no
opportunities for their employment in the region
With little scope for employment in trade and industry and
related services in the private sector, all the pressure is on
public employment
This explains why more and more northeast watchers have
been pleading that this region needs more polytechnics than
universities

''The region continues to remain a less favoured area and consequently, mountain inhabitants, often
indigenous people, are on the fringe of society geographically, politically and economically,'' says Eklabya
Sharma of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.
Conclusion

Geographical location and cultural differences are two most prominent reasons for
disparity in economic and social growth of north-east and the rest of India
Poor connectivity with rest of India via road, rail, air is poor
Several social issues persistent in North-east like high crime rate, crime against women
Lack of availability of quality education in this region has led to sluggish economic
development
Insurgency cases within the 7 sisters has led to social instability
Neglect by central government as only 25 lok sabha seats from entire North-east
compared to 42 from their neighbouring state West Bengal alone

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