Norms and Technological

Revolution
Normas e Revolucao
Tecnologica
professeur titulaire
directeur du CRDP / RDCG
facult de droit
universit de montral
chaire Wilson
www.gautrais.com
 once upon a time
era uma vez

2
 a revolution
uma revoluo

3
 a global revolution

um revoluo global

4
 law technologies
direito tecnologias

with influences

economy culture
economia cultura
je me souviens
remember
eu me lembro

6
 que n sous le lys
that born under the lily
que nascido sob a flor-de-lis

7
... je crois sous la rose.
I grow under the rose.
eu creso sob a rosa.

(Eugne-tienne Tach)
8
9
souvenons-nous que ns sous le papier

remember that born under paper
lembremos que nascidos sob o papel

10
... nous croissons sous llectronique.
we grow under electronic.
... ns crescemos sob o eletrnico.

11
 change is huge.
a mudana grande.

12
 serres =
everything is changing
tudo est mudando
 In our society, as soon the interaction
support / message is changing, that is the
moment of the writing invention, so, in our
civilisations, everything is changing!
Em nossa sociedade, assim que a interao
suporte/mensagem est mudando, que o
momento da inveno da escrita, ento, em
nossas civilizaes, tudo est mudando!
14
change is not really under control.
mudana no est realmente sob
controle.

15
 vincenzo susca

techno-magic
tecno-magia

techno = emotion
tecno = emoo
 evgeny morozov
cyberutopy / digital mirage /
technological solutionnism
Ciberutopia / miragem digital /
solucionismo tecnolgico

tecno = opresso
techno = oppression
 jacques ellul

le bluf technologique
o blefe tecnologico

tecno = ateno
techno = attention
 bernard stiegler
ni optimiste, ni pessimiste, je suis
revendicatif
nem otimista, nem pessimista, eu sou
reinvidicativo

tecno = protesto
techno = protest
techno = revolution
tecno = revoluo
revolution is not synonym of
progress

revoluo no sinnimo de
progresso
revolution is not synonym of
danger

revoluo no sinnimo de
perigo
1 revolution
observed
revoluo
observada
2 revolution
under control
revoluo
sob controle
1 revolution
observed
revoluo
observada
1a privacy
Example
privacidade
exemplo
 privacy laws are changing
leis de privacidade esto mudando

27
 many principles behind privacy
laws but one is more and more
important

muitos princpios por trs das leis

de privacidade mas uma mais
e mais importante
accountability
4.1 Principle 1 Accountability
An organization is responsible for personal information
under its control and shall designate an individual or
individuals who are accountable for the organizations
compliance with the following principles.
()
4.1.4 - Organizations shall implement policies and
practices to give effect to the principles, including
(a) implementing procedures to protect personal
information;
(b) establishing procedures to receive and respond to
complaints and inquiries;
(c) training staff and communicating to staff
information about the organizations policies and
practices; and
(d) developing information to explain the organizations
documentation obligation

obrigao de
documentao
1b evidence
example
prova
exemplo
 evidence laws are changing

leis sobre prova esto mudando

33
electronic document is easy
to forge

documento eletrnico fcil

de forjar
 normally
paper document is based on
someone else
bill of a signed
testimony etc.
company contract

Normalmente,
o documento em papel baseado em
outro
recibo de contrato
testemunho etc.
empresa assinado
 electronic document is based on
myself

email recording screenshot Etc.

documento eletrnico basedo em

mim mesmo

email gravao screenshot Etc.

 latin quotation
nobody can do an evidence for himself

citao latina
ningum pode fazer prova para si mesmo
 insane in a digital context
we need to do some evidence for
ourself

insano em contexto digital

precisamos fazer alguma prova para
ns mesmos
we need to explain how we maintain that
document

nprecisamos explicar como ns

mantemos esse documento
we need to explain the diligence used to
maintain that document

precisamos explicar a diligncia usada

para manter aquele documento
1c securities
example
ttulos e valores
mobilirios
exemplo
 securities laws are changing

leis de ttulos e valores mobilirios

esto mudando

48
Sarbanes Oxley Act
 media
mdia

2002

77% of evening news

77% das notcias da noite

Politics, not economics, determines which
corporate governance devices tend to be
disfavored

Jonathan Macey
Law Professor (Yale)
It follows from the insight that regulation like SOX is
not so much for the benefit of investors, who will
avoid future risk, but for that of reputable sellers who
will lose business unless they can persuade buyers
that the sharks are gone and it is safe to swim

Henry N. Butler and Larry E. Ribstein

The Sarbanes Oxley Debacle, 2006.
 Shoot first, ask questions later
Atire primeiro, pergunte depois

Henry N. Butler and Larry E. Ribstein

The Sarbanes Oxley Debacle, 2006.
 Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Result of July 25, 2002 vote

House of representatives : 422 versus 3

Senate: 99 versus 0

Resultado do voto de 25 de julho de 2002

Cmara dos deputados: 422 contra 3

Senado: 99 contra 0
 the most far-reaching reforms of American business
practices since the time of Franklin Delano Roosevelt

as reformas de maior alcance em prticas de negcios

americanos desde os tempos de Franklin Delano
Roosevelt

G. W. Bush
major elements behind SOX

More external control Maior controle externo

More transparency Mais transparncia

More criminal sanctions Mais sanes criminais

Etc. Etc.

More internal control Mais controle interno

Section 404: Management Assessment
of Internal Controls

Rules Required. The Commission shall prescribe rules requiring

each annual report required by section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to contain an internal control
report, which shall:

state the responsibility of management for establishing and

maintaining an adequate internal control structure and
procedures for financial reporting; and

contain an assessment, as of the end of the most recent fiscal

year of the issuer, of the effectiveness of the internal control
structure and procedures of the issuer for financial reporting.
documentation obligation
obrigao de
documentao
1d contract
Example
contrato
exemplo
 contract laws are changing

Leis de contratos esto mudando

60
Paper contract is an act;
electronic contract is a process

O contrato em papel um ato; o

contrato eletrnico um
processo

Ethan Katsh.
 consumer contract

contrato de consumo
 Inform before

1
54.4

Print /

2
Retain 54.4

Accept before

3
54.5

Evidence
4 54.6

Transmission
5

54.7

Resolution
6

54.8

Chargebacks
7

54.8
documentation obligation
obrigao de
documentao
2 revolution
under control
revoluo
sob controle
 who ?
quem ?

David Post (1995)

 person /
organization legislator
pessoa / legislador
organizao
who ?
quem ?

judge industry
juiz indstria
 Formal level

regulations laws

Informal level
Guidelines Principles Norms

Codes of
Methods Standards
conduct

Applicative level
Contract
Policies
Procedures
2a legislative
control
controle
legislativo
 New laws are commonly
inconsistant

Novas leis so comumente

inconsistentes
enormous norms
normas enormes
 Norms = pretext
Normas = pretexto
 Old laws are commonly
applicable

Velhas leis so comumente

aplicveis
2b judicial
control
controle
judicial
it works quite well

funciona at bem
 different favor
favorecimento diferente

North
Europe
America
new interpretation
principles

novos princpios de
interpretao
technological neutrality

neutralidade tecnolgica
Chris Reed (uk)
antigos princpios de
interpretao
contextual approach

abordagem contextual
fonctional approach

abordagem funcional
2cbetter control of
norms of the industry
melhor controle de
normas de indstria
previous 4 examples

4 exemplos prvios
 privacy
privacidade
Evidence
prova
 securities

Ttulos e valores mobilirios

 consumer contract
contrato de consumo
 lawyers need to be
interested by such norms
advogados precisam se
interessar por tais
normas
professors need to teach
such norms
professores precisam
ensinar tais normas
2d
better control of
individual norms
melhor controle de
norms individuais
contract
contrato
 Policies / Procedures
Polticas / Procedimentos
 Conclusion / Concluso
several vrias
competences competncias

several vrios
languages idiomas

several vrias
culture culturas

several vrias
inspirations inspiraes
Normas e Revolucao
Tecnologica
professeur titulaire
directeur du CRDP / RDCG
facult de droit
universit de montral
chaire Wilson
www.gautrais.com