Native Americans and African

Americans:
The Mixing of America

2006
World Wide Diaspora of
Africans
Diaspora ~ definition

 a scattering; to scatter
 to disperse; the dispersion of a group of
people
 Any scattering of people with a common
origin, background, beliefs,etc.
Diaspora of Africans to the
Americas
World ocean currents
Mexican Stone Heads
 Mexican Stone Heads date
back to
1000 B.C. - to 400 B.C.
 Colossal heads found in La
Venta, Vera Cruz and San
Lorenzo, Mexico
Today’s Black Mexicans
 The state of California was
named by Spanish explorer
Cortes after
 Estevan – 1st Black recorded to
enter
New Mexico & Arizona Territories
Veracruz, Mexico Maroon Leader

Gaspar Yanga - 1579

Jamaican Maroon Society :
Nanny Town – c. 1730
 MISCEGENATION

 Definition of Miscegenation
 A mixture of different races.
 Cohabitation, sexual relations or marriage
involving persons of different races.
 Interbreeding between members of different
races.
South American Black Indians
Runaway Slaves
Runaway
Slave Ads
Slave Collars & Iron
Masks
Slave Punishments
Chief Pontiac 1755 - Summer
Home near Belle Isle, Detroit
Jean Baptiste Du Sable - 1779
Fur Trapper – Founder of
Chicago
York – 1804 - ’06 Enslaved by
Clark -
Lewis & Clark Expedition
Sacagawea 1803 Joined The
Lewis & Clark Expedition to the
Pacific Coast
George Bonga – Minnesota Fur
trapper
1820
Map of the Five Civilized
Tribes
Signing of the 1814 Fort Jackson
Treaty
Creek Warrior
Seminole Wars – 1st War 1819
2nd War 1835 -
1842
Removal Act of 1830
Trail of Tears
Oklahoma Territory
Creek born Seminole Chief
Osceola – 1835 Warrior
Seminole Chief Wild Cat
Seminole Chief - John Horse
Governor of California
Don Pio Pico - 1845
Black Cowboy Nat Love –
Cowpuncher 1869
 Assimilation
 The cultural absorption of a minority
group into the main cultural body
 The action of making or becoming

like; the state of being like; similarity,

resemblance, likeness
 The becoming conformed to;

conformity with
George Catlin painting of
assimilation ~ before
photography :
1837-39
The Assimilation of Navajo
- Tom Torlino 1886
Tom Torlino two years later…
1888
Assimilation …Before & After
Young Indigenous Girls go to
Carlisle Training School
Young men enter Carlisle
School
Omaha boys in cadet uniforms –
Carlisle, 1880
Chiracahua Apaches Arriving at
Carlisle Indian School, 1886
Chiracahua group 4 months later
at Carlisle School, 1886
Mrs. Zerviah Mitchell – 7th
generation descendent of
Wampanoag Chief - Mass.
Mrs. Mitchell’s
Granddaughter ~ 1872
 Council of 1890’s Oklahoma
Settlement
Rufus Buck Gang – executed
after a 13
day killing rampage ~ July,
1895
Chickasaw Freedmen
Chickasaw Freedmen file for
land allotments
Chickasaw Senate at end of
the 1800’s
Four Choctaw Children
Assist. Principal Chief of
Cherokee Nation
George Lowrey - 1829
Cherokee Elder Swimmer ~
traditionalist
Cherokee ballgame team
practice for national tournament
Three ball-players in ball-play
dress:
George Catlin sketches
Black Indian Ben Pickett
1890s
Bill Pickett: Cowboy
Cherokee Training School
Cherokee Alphabet
Amazing Grace in Cherokee
Mother & daughter of the
Cherokee Nation
Cherokee Bill & his mother Ellen
Lynch
Black Indians
The Seminole Tribe
Seminole Delegation to
Washington D. C.
Billy Bowlegs – Seminole
Rebecca Green of St Helena
Island,
South Carolina
Seminole Family at Chickee
dwelling
Members of the Seminole
Nation
Outdoor cooking among the
Seminoles
Grinding corn
Seminole men in native attire
Two Seminole girls
Seminole women
Ranchos Group Photo
Modern day Seminole
Nation
members
Yoholo Micco – Eastern Band ca.
1832
Black Soldiers
Chippewa Couple
Sitting Bull – Sioux Nation ~
1885
Crow Indian of the Yellowtail
Family
Kitty Cloud Taylor
Ute Indian
1900
Shoshone beading
Four Comrades
Basket Weaver
Three Sac Fox children
Three friends
Black & Indian Cowboys
Black Indian Artist Edmonia
Lewis
Seminole Negro Indian Scouts
ST John Bullis – Won the respect
of the Black Seminole Negro
Scouts
Mrs. Emily Wilson
Texas Ranger Lee Roy Young
Jr.
Couple displays photo of Indian
Scout Grandfather
Papoose Baby & Mother