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Compiled by:
Gaurav Goswami
B.Tech (Biotechnology)
M.I.E.T, Meerut.
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 4argest and most trusted pathology

laboratory network in India
 Offers a comprehensive range of over 3,500
tests
 The only company, in the pathology testing
sector, to have an R&D unit.

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 Excisional biopsy.
 Incisional biopsy.
 Endoscopic biopsy.
 Colposcopic biopsy.
 Fine needle aspiration.
 Punch biopsy.
 Bone marrow biopsy.
!##
 #
+

D whole organ or a whole lump

is removed (excised).
D re less common now

##
 #
+
 Only a portion of the lump is removed
surgically
 Most commonly used for tumors of the soft
tissues (muscle, fat, connective tissue) to
distinguish benign conditions from malignant
soft tissue tumors
*

# #
+

 Done through a fiberoptic endoscope, the doctor

inserts into (the gastrointestinal tract, urinary
bladder, abdominal cavity, joint cavity, mid-portion of
the chest or trachea and bronchial system) either
through a natural body orifice or a small surgical
incision.
 The endoscopist can directly visualize an abnormal
area on the lining of the organ in question and pinch
off tiny bits of tissue with forceps attached to a long
cable that runs inside the endoscope
2


# #
+

 This is a gynecologic procedure that typically

is used to evaluate a patient who has had an
abnormal Pap smear
#*# #

 needle no wider than that typically used to
give routine injections (about 22 gauges) is
inserted into a lump (tumor) and a few tens
to thousands of cells are drawn up
(aspirated) into a syringe. These are
smeared on a slide, stained, and examined
under a microscope by the pathologist.
#*# #

|&$ #

 hsed by dermatologists to sample skin
rashes and small masses.
 a small (3 or 4 mm in diameter) version of a
cookie cutter, is used to cut out a cylindrical
piece of skin.


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(a) Permanent Sections
(b) Frozen Sections
Ɣ  
especially useful in FN procedures

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,
 The tissue is processed in TISShE
PROCESSOR.
 n automatic device for the processing of
tissue inorder to remove the water from the
cells and make them hard.
 consists of different chambers in which the
tissue is incubated for a specific period in
different chemicals.

|2
,
 Tissue processor

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,
 

processed tissues are cut
with Microtome.

Ɣ  fluids smear

or slides are prepared with
the help of Cytospin.
-(
,
,
 åematoxylin a natural product
of the heartwood of the
logwood tree, åaematoxylon
campechianum, which is
native to Central merica, and
eosin, an artificial aniline dye.
 The nucleus of cells stains
dark blue, while the cytoplasm
stains pink or orange.
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'#!##

+ -2
|
,
It is the description of the specimen as it
looks to the naked eye.

Most biopsies are small, nondescript bits

of tissue, so the gross description is brief
and serves mostly as a way to code
which biopsy came from what area and
to use for troubleshooting if there is a
question of specimen mislabeling.
 +#

#!##


 The microscopic description, or the "micro"

is a narrative description of the findings
gained from examination of the glass slides
under the microscope.
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2+-
,

 This is analogous to the "bottom line" of a
financial report

Colon, sigmoid, endoscopic biopsy: tubular

adenoma (adenomatous polyp)


 Sample collection- through surgery

 Fixing- 10% formalin for 6 hrs
 Gross Examination
 Tissue processing
 Embedding
 Trimming
 Cutting

 Staining
 Microscopic Examination
 Diagnosis
2,2
,
 Biopsy is an accurate tool for the diagnosis
of cancerous cells but it¶s a rather lengthy
process and usually one week is the
reporting time.
 åowever Frozen section can give results
within 10 min but in that case the accuracy
has to be compromised.
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