The Difference Between GSM and WCDMA ISSUE1.00

The Difference
Between GSM and

WCDMA
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe the common points and the differences between

GSM and WCDMA of wireless access technology.
Describe the common points and the differences between

GSM and WCDMA about network configuration and interface
protocol.
Enumerate the differences of network planning and

optimization.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. Wireless Access Technology
2. Network Structure and Interface Protocol
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
5. Network Planning and Optimization
Communication Model
Source
Coding/ Channel Modulation/
Burst Transmission/
GSM Decoding Coding/ Demodulation
Decoding Formatting Reception
TDMA
CDMA
Source
Transmission/
WCDMA Coding/ Channel Spreading/ Scrambling/ Modulation/
Coding/ Reception
Decoding Despreading Descrambling Demodulation
Decoding
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 3
Frequency Resource of Different System
Uplink Downlink
System Reverse Forward Purpose
MHz MHz
806821 851866 GT800
876880 921925 GSM - REurope
880890 925935 GSM - RChina
GSM
890915 935960
Mass Market
17101785 18051880
America Market
18501910 19301990
PCS1900
WCDMA 19201980 21102170 Mass Market
Basic Technology
GSM WCDMA
AMR: 8 voice coding modes ,Will become a
FRRPE LTP coding uniform voice coding in landline and mobile
13Kbps network.AMR-WB
Coding is compatible with various major
EFRImprove the quality of
mobile communication systems, which will
Source the speech,12.2Kbps
help multi-mode terminal design.
Coding HRExpand the system
Traffic adaptive capacityDifferent code
capacity, 5.6Kbps
algorithms produce voice code streams in
Already introduce AMR different rates so as to get the optimal
technology balance between voice quality and system
capacity.
Speech service : Convolutional coding
Channel
(1/2,1/3)
Coding Convolutional coding(1/2
High-speed data service : Turbo coding
Basic Technology
GSM WCDMA
Data after spreading, scrambling, will
Channel be combined and exported
Process The data is packaged
Spreading Factor : 4512
into the pulse and
multiple access sent in each timeslot. Scrambling Code : Gold
method sequence,length:38400chips,in
numbers
Modulation GMSK, QPSK,16QAM(HSPA)
Technology 8PSK(EDGE) 64QAM(HSPA+)
Fast Power Control(1500Hz): restrain
Transmission Slow Power fast fading
Technology Control(2Hz)
Transmit Diversity
Reception Space Diversity Space Diversity ,Polarization Diversity
Technology Polarization Diversity Frequency Diversity :RAKE Receiver
(resist decline)
Frequency Spectrum Efficiency
Frequency spectrum
Modulation Peak rate efficiency
Carrier
per
bandwidth method Peak rate per carrier
carrier
/carrier bandwidth
GPRS 200kHz GMSK 171.2kbps 0.85bit/Hz
EDGE 200kHz GMSK/8PSK 473.6kbps 2.3bit/Hz
WCDMA R99 5MHz QPSK 2.88Mbps 0.576bit/Hz
WCDMA HSDPA 5MHz 16QAM 14.4Mbps 2.9bit/Hz
WCDMA HSPA+
5MHz 16QAM 28Mbps 5.6bit/Hz
Phase1
WCDMA HSPA+
5MHz 64QAM 42Mbps 8.4bit/Hz
Phase2
Channel Concept
GSM WCDMA
Logical channel: Classified according
Logical channel: As same as GSM
to the content
Transport channel: Define transport
Transport channel: Nothing, is
format
similar to channel combination
Physical channel: Distinguished
Physical channel: Distinguished
according to frequency, code (OVSF
according to frequency, timeslot(TS)
Code and Scrambling Code)
The Correspondence Relationship of the
Channel Functions
GSM WCDMA
FCCH: Frequency Correction P-CPICH: Primary Common Pilot
Channel Channel
Cell
SCH: Synchronous Channel SCH: Synchronous Channel
Searching
P-CCPCH: Primary Common Control
BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel
Physical Channel
PICH: Paging Indicator Channel
Paging PCH: Paging Channel S-CCPCH: Secondary Common Control
Physical Channel
Uplink:
RACH: Random Access Channel Uplink : PRACH: Physical Random
SDCCH: Stand-Alone Dedicated Access Channel
Random Control Channel
Access Downlink: Downlink:
AGCH: Access Grant Channel AICH: Acquisition Indicator Channel
SDCCH: Stand-Alone Dedicated S-CCPCH: Secondary Common Control
Control Channel Physical Channel
The Correspondence Relationship of the
Channel Functions
GSM WCDMA
Speech TCH: Traffic DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data Channel

Service Channel DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control Channel
HSPDSCH: High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared
Channel
HSSCCH: High-Speed Shared Control Channel
E-DPDCH: HSUPA Dedicated Physical Data Channel
Data PDCH: Packet
Service Data Channel E-DPCCH: HSUPA Dedicated Physical Control Channel
E-AGCH: HSUPA Absolute Grant Channel
E-RGCH: HSUPA Relative Grant Channel
E-HICH: HUSPA HARQ Indication Channel
Contents
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Network Structure
PSTN
MSC/VLR GMSC ISDN
GSM /GPRS BSS
MS BSC
BTS HLR/AUC
PCU SCE
SS7
RNC
SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS Backbone Internet,
UE
SGSN Intranet
UTRAN
GGSN
CG BG
Other PLMN
Network Interface
GSM NSS WCDMA CN
A Gb Iu-CS Iu-PS Iu
BSS RNS RNS
Iur
BSC RNC RNC
Abis Abis Iub Iub Iub Iub
BTS BTS Node B Node B Node B Node B
Network Interface
GSM WCDMA
A IuCS
Gb IuPS
CNBSC/RNC Ateronly consist
in TC and apart
Nothing
from BM frame
model)
BSC / RNCBase
Abis Iub
Transceiver Station
Base Transceiver Station
Um Uu
terminal
Pb (BSC-PCU)
Proper Interface only consist in Iur (between RNC)
external PCU
GSM BSS Protocol Stack Structure
Um Abis A
WCDMA RAN Protocol Stack Structure
SMS / SMS /
GMM / MM GMM / MM
Relay
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP
RLC RLC SCCP SCCP
Signalling Signalling
MAC MAC Bearer Bearer
L1 L1 AAL5 AAL5
ATM ATM
Uu Iu
UE RNS MSC/
SGSN
N
Protocol
GSM WCDMA
L3: BSSAP L3: RANAP
A/Iu L2: MTP L2: ATM/IP
L1: E1 or FE/GE L1: STM1or FE/GE
L3: BTSM(secret) L3: NBAP(exoteric)
Abis/Iub L2: LAPD L2: ATM/IP
L1: E1 or FE/GE L1: E1or STM1or FE/GE
Radio L3: RR L3: RRC

Interface L2: LAPDm L2: RLC/MAC
Data Configuration of Transport Layer
The greatest difference between GSM and WCDMA is
transport data configuration in interface.
Take example for Abis/lub interface data configuration:

GSM Abis
The system automatically configure Abis interface parameters
refer to LAPD
The number of E1 can be obtained in accordance with simple

conversion by the number of GSM carrier1:1, 2:1, 4:1
Transmission bandwidth needs to estimate according to the traffic

model.
Data Configuration of Transport Layer
Take example for Abis/lub interface data configuration:

WCDMA Iub
It needs to clear a lot of splice butt parameters
The number of transmission bandwidth needs to be estimated

according to the traffic model
Contents
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Signaling Process
GSM WCDMA
Nothing (Abis secret ,
Cell foundation Existence
needless)
Speech service Paging
Speech service Paging
Paging Flow Data Service Paging
Data Service Paging
RNC Paging(System Information Update)
Timeslot(TS) is
Call Setup Flow Logic connection is allocated to the users(RAB)
allocated to the users
Hard Handover
Soft Handover/Softer Handover(WCDMA)
Handover Flow Hard Handover
SRNS Relocation
Handover between systems (2G3G)
RB Reconfiguration(service style changed)
Reconfiguration
Nothing Transport Channel Reconfiguration (Multi-service)
Flow
Physical Channel Reconfiguration(AMRCDCCC)
Cell Update
Nothing Existence, be used for discontinuous data service
/URA Update
Business Call Main Flow Comparison
MS NSS UE CN
Random access, Initialize direct transfer(DT) Random access, Initialize direct transfer(DT)
and Channel Establishment and Channel Establishment
Setup Setup
Call Proceeding Call Proceeding
AssignmentAssign TS or channel RAB AssignmentAssign bandwidth
Alerting Alerting
Connect Connect
Connect ACK Connect ACK
Disconnect Disconnect
Release Release
Release Complete Release Complete
GSM WCDMA
Contents
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Numbering Scheme
GSM WCDMA / TD
IMSI: MCCMNCMSIN
MSISDN: CCNDCH0H1H2H3ABCD
A majority of
numbers refers to TMSI: 8 figures
core network are IMEI: 15 figuresfor example: 490547403767335
same or similar
LAI: MCCMNCLAC
RAI: MCCMNCLACRAC
Especial Number
Nothing URA: UTRAN Registration region
Refers to Paging
BSIC NCCBCC Nothing
MCCMNCRNC IDCell ID
Cell ID CGI: MCCMNCLACCI
SAI: MCCMNCLACSAC
Contents
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Network Planning
Coverage Dimensioning(Link Budget)
GSM: In the case of a good frequency planning and no inter-
network interference, the coverage distance is mainly limited
by the maximum transmit power.
WCDMA: It belongs to an interference limited system, whose

coverage not only depends on the maximum transmit power,
but also on the system load.
Network Planning
GSM WCDMA
MS Transmit Power
30 24
(dBm)
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
-108 -118
(dBm)
Diversity Receive Gain
3 3
(dB)
Antenna Gain (dB) Sameness
Diversified Path Loss (dB) Sameness
Shadowing Fading Margin
Sameness
(dB)
Fast Fading Margin
Sameness
(dB)
Interference Margin(dB) 0 -3
Network Planning
Capacity Dimensioning
GSM: Carrier capacity is hard capacity (8 timeslots/carrier).
WCDMA: Carrier capacity is soft capacity (cell breath) ;Uplink

capacity generally is interference limited, downlink capacity is
generally power limited, high-speed data services may be
code resources limited.
Speech service capacity dimensioning uses Erlang formula;

data service capacity dimensioning currently does not have
strict and approbatory mathematical basis, all methods are
approximate...
Network Planning
Transport Dimensioning
GSM: It translates E1 number according to the number of
carriers, Easy.
WCDMA: It estimates according to the traffic model,Slightly

more complex.
Station Site Dimensioning

GSM,WCDMA use the same principle of choosing station site.
Need to pay special attention to the interference among the

systems surrounding station site.
Network Planning
Neighboring Planning
Neighboring cell and site physical location are correlative: the
same station sites have the same neighboring cells.
GSM: Sector = Cell,the cell may include many carriers.
WCDMA: Sector may include many cells,cell = carrier.
Frequency Planning
Frequency Channel Number creating protocols are different
GSM: 900M band: 1124;1800M band: 512885
E-GSM,R-GSM, American PCS1900
WCDMA: Frequency Channel NumberAbsolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number(ARFCN)5
Network Planning
GSM: Different frequencies network(neighbors can not have the
same frequency), requires strict C/I, while lack of frequency
resources or high-capacity configuration, frequency planning is
complex.
BCCH: 43;
TCH: 33,23,13,frequency hopping, concentric cell
Network Planning
WCDMA: Same frequency network, requires loose C/I, 11
Reuse.
Scrambling code is used for distinguishing cells,so scrambling
code planning is needed;However there are many scrambling
codes. Scrambling code planning is convenient.
Network Optimization
Cell Selection and Reselection
GSM
Cell selection uses C1,cell reselection uses C2.
Cell reselection reselects whatever it want to do(no need to trigger

the threshold).
WCDMA
Cell selection uses S Rule, cell reselection uses R Rule.
Cell reselection tries not to select(need to trigger the threshold).
Paging
GSM: has DRX, according to the IMSI you can count the
attributive paging group.
WCDMA: has DRX, by a more complex formula can count

attributive paging indicator(PI).Save more electricity.
Random Access: The processes knock on the doorare all the

same, thestepping stoneare different.
GSM: Use AB (Access Burst) RACH
WCDMA: Use Premble (prefix) PRACH
Power Control
GSM : Slow power control ,pursuit of a success rate-Sniper rifle
WCDMA: Fast power control, each tune one step-Submachine
gun
3G open loop power control
Handover:Differences in the way of the pulse work and continuous

wave work.
GSM: Only uses hard handover
WCDMA: Try its best to use soft handover, hard handover needs
hard squeezetime(compression mode).
3G terminal more tired:The algorithm is gradually"Down".

Downlink fast power control algorithm,handover incident report
judgment,the CQI choice of HSPA...
Others
3G load control is more complex: potential users control,
access control,dynamic channel configuration,load
balancing,etc.
3G interference control considers more factors.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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The Difference

Between GSM and

Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Describe the common points and the differences between

Describe the common points and the differences between

Enumerate the differences of network planning and

2. Network Structure and Interface Protocol

5. Network Planning and Optimization

Speech TCH: Traffic DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data Channel

2. Network Structure and Interface Protocol

5. Network Planning and Optimization

GSM NSS WCDMA CN

BSS RNS RNS

Abis Abis Iub Iub Iub Iub

BTS BTS Node B Node B Node B Node B

Radio L3: RR L3: RRC

Take example for Abis/lub interface data configuration:

The number of E1 can be obtained in accordance with simple

Transmission bandwidth needs to estimate according to the traffic

Take example for Abis/lub interface data configuration:

The number of transmission bandwidth needs to be estimated

2. Network Structure and Interface Protocol

5. Network Planning and Optimization

2. Network Structure and Interface Protocol

5. Network Planning and Optimization

BSIC NCCBCC Nothing

2. Network Structure and Interface Protocol

5. Network Planning and Optimization

WCDMA: It belongs to an interference limited system, whose

WCDMA: Carrier capacity is soft capacity (cell breath) ;Uplink

Speech service capacity dimensioning uses Erlang formula;

WCDMA: It estimates according to the traffic model,Slightly

Station Site Dimensioning

Need to pay special attention to the interference among the

Cell reselection reselects whatever it want to do(no need to trigger

Cell reselection tries not to select(need to trigger the threshold).

WCDMA: has DRX, by a more complex formula can count

Random Access: The processes knock on the doorare all the

GSM: Use AB (Access Burst) RACH

WCDMA: Use Premble (prefix) PRACH

Handover:Differences in the way of the pulse work and continuous

3G terminal more tired:The algorithm is gradually"Down".

3G interference control considers more factors.

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