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Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Contents
1. Wireless Access Technology
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Communication Model
Source
Coding/ Channel Modulation/
Burst Transmission/
GSM Decoding Coding/ Demodulation
Decoding Formatting Reception
TDMA
CDMA
Source
Transmission/
WCDMA Coding/ Channel Spreading/ Scrambling/ Modulation/
Coding/ Reception
Decoding Despreading Descrambling Demodulation
Decoding
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 3
Frequency Resource of Different System
Uplink Downlink
System Reverse Forward Purpose
MHz MHz
806821 851866 GT800
876880 921925 GSM - REurope
880890 925935 GSM - RChina
GSM
890915 935960
Mass Market
17101785 18051880
America Market
18501910 19301990
PCS1900
WCDMA 19201980 21102170 Mass Market
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 4
Basic Technology
GSM WCDMA
AMR: 8 voice coding modes ,Will become a
FRRPE LTP coding uniform voice coding in landline and mobile
13Kbps network.AMR-WB
Coding is compatible with various major
EFRImprove the quality of
mobile communication systems, which will
Source the speech,12.2Kbps
help multi-mode terminal design.
Coding HRExpand the system
Traffic adaptive capacityDifferent code
capacity, 5.6Kbps
algorithms produce voice code streams in
Already introduce AMR different rates so as to get the optimal
technology balance between voice quality and system
capacity.
Speech service : Convolutional coding
Channel
(1/2,1/3)
Coding Convolutional coding(1/2
High-speed data service : Turbo coding
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 5
Basic Technology
GSM WCDMA
Data after spreading, scrambling, will
Channel be combined and exported
Process The data is packaged
Spreading Factor : 4512
into the pulse and
multiple access sent in each timeslot. Scrambling Code : Gold
method sequence,length:38400chips,in
numbers
Modulation GMSK, QPSK,16QAM(HSPA)
Technology 8PSK(EDGE) 64QAM(HSPA+)
Fast Power Control(1500Hz): restrain
Transmission Slow Power fast fading
Technology Control(2Hz)
Transmit Diversity
Reception Space Diversity Space Diversity ,Polarization Diversity
Technology Polarization Diversity Frequency Diversity :RAKE Receiver
(resist decline)
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 6
Frequency Spectrum Efficiency
Frequency spectrum
Modulation Peak rate efficiency
Carrier
per
bandwidth method Peak rate per carrier
carrier
/carrier bandwidth
GPRS 200kHz GMSK 171.2kbps 0.85bit/Hz
EDGE 200kHz GMSK/8PSK 473.6kbps 2.3bit/Hz
WCDMA R99 5MHz QPSK 2.88Mbps 0.576bit/Hz
WCDMA HSDPA 5MHz 16QAM 14.4Mbps 2.9bit/Hz
WCDMA HSPA+
5MHz 16QAM 28Mbps 5.6bit/Hz
Phase1
WCDMA HSPA+
5MHz 64QAM 42Mbps 8.4bit/Hz
Phase2
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 7
Channel Concept
GSM WCDMA
Logical channel: Classified according
Logical channel: As same as GSM
to the content
Transport channel: Define transport
Transport channel: Nothing, is
format
similar to channel combination
Physical channel: Distinguished
Physical channel: Distinguished
according to frequency, code (OVSF
according to frequency, timeslot(TS)
Code and Scrambling Code)
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 8
The Correspondence Relationship of the
Channel Functions
GSM WCDMA
FCCH: Frequency Correction P-CPICH: Primary Common Pilot
Channel Channel
Cell
SCH: Synchronous Channel SCH: Synchronous Channel
Searching
P-CCPCH: Primary Common Control
BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel
Physical Channel
PICH: Paging Indicator Channel
Paging PCH: Paging Channel S-CCPCH: Secondary Common Control
Physical Channel
Uplink:
RACH: Random Access Channel Uplink : PRACH: Physical Random
SDCCH: Stand-Alone Dedicated Access Channel
Random Control Channel
Access Downlink: Downlink:
AGCH: Access Grant Channel AICH: Acquisition Indicator Channel
SDCCH: Stand-Alone Dedicated S-CCPCH: Secondary Common Control
Control Channel Physical Channel
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 9
The Correspondence Relationship of the
Channel Functions
GSM WCDMA
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 10
Contents
1. Wireless Access Technology
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11
Network Structure
PSTN
MSC/VLR GMSC ISDN
GSM /GPRS BSS
MS BSC
BTS HLR/AUC
PCU SCE
SS7
RNC
SMS
NodeB SCP
GPRS Backbone Internet,
UE
SGSN Intranet
UTRAN
GGSN
CG BG
Other PLMN
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 12
Network Interface
A Gb Iu-CS Iu-PS Iu
Iur
BSC RNC RNC
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Network Interface
GSM WCDMA
A IuCS
Gb IuPS
CNBSC/RNC Ateronly consist
in TC and apart
Nothing
from BM frame
model)
BSC / RNCBase
Abis Iub
Transceiver Station
Base Transceiver Station
Um Uu
terminal
Pb (BSC-PCU)
Proper Interface only consist in Iur (between RNC)
external PCU
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 14
GSM BSS Protocol Stack Structure
Um Abis A
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 15
WCDMA RAN Protocol Stack Structure
SMS / SMS /
GMM / MM GMM / MM
Relay
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP
RLC RLC SCCP SCCP
Signalling Signalling
MAC MAC Bearer Bearer
L1 L1 AAL5 AAL5
ATM ATM
Uu Iu
UE RNS MSC/
SGSN
N
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 16
Protocol
GSM WCDMA
L3: BSSAP L3: RANAP
A/Iu L2: MTP L2: ATM/IP
L1: E1 or FE/GE L1: STM1or FE/GE
L3: BTSM(secret) L3: NBAP(exoteric)
Abis/Iub L2: LAPD L2: ATM/IP
L1: E1 or FE/GE L1: E1or STM1or FE/GE
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 17
Data Configuration of Transport Layer
The greatest difference between GSM and WCDMA is
transport data configuration in interface.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 18
Data Configuration of Transport Layer
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 19
Contents
1. Wireless Access Technology
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20
Signaling Process
GSM WCDMA
Nothing (Abis secret ,
Cell foundation Existence
needless)
Speech service Paging
Speech service Paging
Paging Flow Data Service Paging
Data Service Paging
RNC Paging(System Information Update)
Timeslot(TS) is
Call Setup Flow Logic connection is allocated to the users(RAB)
allocated to the users
Hard Handover
Soft Handover/Softer Handover(WCDMA)
Handover Flow Hard Handover
SRNS Relocation
Handover between systems (2G3G)
RB Reconfiguration(service style changed)
Reconfiguration
Nothing Transport Channel Reconfiguration (Multi-service)
Flow
Physical Channel Reconfiguration(AMRCDCCC)
Cell Update
Nothing Existence, be used for discontinuous data service
/URA Update
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 21
Business Call Main Flow Comparison
MS NSS UE CN
Random access, Initialize direct transfer(DT) Random access, Initialize direct transfer(DT)
and Channel Establishment and Channel Establishment
Setup Setup
Call Proceeding Call Proceeding
AssignmentAssign TS or channel RAB AssignmentAssign bandwidth
Alerting Alerting
Connect Connect
Connect ACK Connect ACK
Disconnect Disconnect
Release Release
Release Complete Release Complete
GSM WCDMA
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 22
Contents
1. Wireless Access Technology
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24
Numbering Scheme
GSM WCDMA / TD
IMSI: MCCMNCMSIN
MSISDN: CCNDCH0H1H2H3ABCD
A majority of
numbers refers to TMSI: 8 figures
core network are IMEI: 15 figuresfor example: 490547403767335
same or similar
LAI: MCCMNCLAC
RAI: MCCMNCLACRAC
Especial Number
Nothing URA: UTRAN Registration region
Refers to Paging
MCCMNCRNC IDCell ID
Cell ID CGI: MCCMNCLACCI
SAI: MCCMNCLACSAC
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 25
Contents
1. Wireless Access Technology
3. Signaling Flow
4. Numbering Scheme
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26
Network Planning
Coverage Dimensioning(Link Budget)
GSM: In the case of a good frequency planning and no inter-
network interference, the coverage distance is mainly limited
by the maximum transmit power.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 27
Network Planning
GSM WCDMA
MS Transmit Power
30 24
(dBm)
BTS Receiver Sensitivity
-108 -118
(dBm)
Diversity Receive Gain
3 3
(dB)
Antenna Gain (dB) Sameness
Diversified Path Loss (dB) Sameness
Shadowing Fading Margin
Sameness
(dB)
Fast Fading Margin
Sameness
(dB)
Interference Margin(dB) 0 -3
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 28
Network Planning
Capacity Dimensioning
GSM: Carrier capacity is hard capacity (8 timeslots/carrier).
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 29
Network Planning
Transport Dimensioning
GSM: It translates E1 number according to the number of
carriers, Easy.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 30
Network Planning
Neighboring Planning
Neighboring cell and site physical location are correlative: the
same station sites have the same neighboring cells.
GSM: Sector = Cell,the cell may include many carriers.
WCDMA: Sector may include many cells,cell = carrier.
Frequency Planning
Frequency Channel Number creating protocols are different
GSM: 900M band: 1124;1800M band: 512885
E-GSM,R-GSM, American PCS1900
WCDMA: Frequency Channel NumberAbsolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number(ARFCN)5
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 31
Network Planning
GSM: Different frequencies network(neighbors can not have the
same frequency), requires strict C/I, while lack of frequency
resources or high-capacity configuration, frequency planning is
complex.
BCCH: 43;
TCH: 33,23,13,frequency hopping, concentric cell
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 32
Network Planning
WCDMA: Same frequency network, requires loose C/I, 11
Reuse.
Scrambling code is used for distinguishing cells,so scrambling
code planning is needed;However there are many scrambling
codes. Scrambling code planning is convenient.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 33
Network Optimization
Cell Selection and Reselection
GSM
Cell selection uses C1,cell reselection uses C2.
WCDMA
Cell selection uses S Rule, cell reselection uses R Rule.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 34
Network Optimization
Paging
GSM: has DRX, according to the IMSI you can count the
attributive paging group.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 35
Network Optimization
Power Control
GSM : Slow power control ,pursuit of a success rate-Sniper rifle
WCDMA: Fast power control, each tune one step-Submachine
gun
3G open loop power control
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 36
Network Optimization
Others
3G load control is more complex: potential users control,
access control,dynamic channel configuration,load
balancing,etc.
Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 37
Thank you
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