INCLINED ELEMENTS OF

SUPER STRUCTURE
BUILDING MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION - IV

DIYVA A2512
TEJUS A3012
ANJALI B4012
MITESH B3611
 STRUCTURE
TYPES OF INCLINED MEMBER
STAIRS
DEFINITION
CLASSIFAICATION
RAMP
DEFINITION
USE AND CONSTRUTION
ROOF
DEFINITION
 STAIRS
A SERIES OF FLIGHTS OF
STEPS CONNECTING
SEPERATE LEVELS.
 CLASSIFICATION OF STAIR
STAIRSA

IN SITU PRECAST

PCC RCC STRAIGHIT OPEN RISER SPIRAL

STRAIGHT DOG-LEG CANTILEVER SPIRAL

 PLAIN CONCERETE STAIRS
THE CONCRETE STAIRS
CONSTRUCTED OF CAST-IN-
SITU CEMENT CONCRETE
WITHOUT USING
REINFORCEMENT ARE KNOWN
AS PLAIN CONCRETE STAIRS.
THESE STAIRS ARE
CONSTRUCTED IN PLACE OF
STONE STAIRS AND ARE
MAINLY USED AT ENTRANCES
TO THE BUILDINGS THESE
DAYS.
1. 2.

3.
4. 5.

6. 7.
 RCC STAIRS
1.STRAIGHT STAIR
STRAIGHT STAIR IS SIMPLE IN
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.
THE FLIGHT BEHAVES AS A
SIMPLE SUPPORTED SLAB
SPANNING FROM LANDING
TO LANDING.
IF EDGE BEAM ARE NOT
PROVIDED THE EFFECTIVE
SPAN WOULD BE TAKEN AS
OVERALL OF THE LANDINGS.
THIS FORM OF STAIR IS NOT
POPULAR BECAUSE OF THE
PLAN SPACE IT OCCUPIES.
2.DOG-LEG
THESE STAIRS GIVE A MORE
COMPACT PLAN LAYOUT
AND BETTER CIRCULAION
THAN THE SINGLE
STRAIGHT FLIGHT STAIR.
IN MOST DESIGNS THE
LANDING SPAN CROSSWISE
ON TO A LOAD BEARING
WALL OR BEAM AND
FLIGHTS SPAN FROM
LANDING TO LANDING.
3.CANTILEVER STAIRS
SOMETIMES CALLED SPINE
WALL STAIRS AND CONSISTS
OF A CENTRAL VERTICAL
WALL FROM WHICH THE
FLIGHTS AND HALF SPACE
LANDING ARE CANTILEVERED.
THE PLAN ARRANGEMENT
CAN BE A SINGLE STRAIGHT
FLIGHT OR AS IS USUAL, TWO
EQUAL FLIGHTS WITH AN
INTERMEDIATE HALF SPACE
LANDING BETWEEN
CONSECUTIVE STAIR FLIGHTS.
 4.SPIRAL STAIRS
USED MAINLY AS
ACCOMMODATION STAIRS IN THE
FOYERS OF PRESTIGE BUILDINGS
SUCH AS THEATRES AND BUNKS.
THEY CAN BE EXPENSIVE TO
CONSTRUCT.
THE SPIRAL STAIR CAN BE
FORMED AROUND A CENTRAL
LARGE DIAMETER CIRCULAR
COLUMN OR AS IS USUAL ,
DESIGN WITH A CIRCULAR OPEN
STAIR WELL.
 PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRS
1.PRECAST CONCRETE STRAIGHT FLIGHT STAIR

THE STRAIGHT FLIGHT STAIR

SPANNING BETWEEN LANDING
CAN HAVE A SIMPLE BARING OR,
BY LEAVING PROJECTING
REINFORCEMENT TO BE GROUTED
INTO PREFORMED SLOTS IN THE
LANDINGS.
THE BEARING LOCATION IS A
REBATE CAST IN THE IN SITU
FLOOR SLAB OR LANDING
LEAVING A TOLERANCE GAP OF 8
TO 12 MM WHICH IS FILLED WITH
A COMPRESSIBLE MATERIAL TO
FLEXIBLE JOINT.
2.PRECAST OPEN RISER STAIRS

PRECAST OPEN RISER

STAIRS ARE A FORM OF
STAIR WHICH CAN BE BOTH
ECONOMIC AND
ATTRACTIVE CONSISTING OF
A CENTRAL SPINE BEAM.
ANCHOR BOLTS OR CEMENT
IN SOCKETS ARE CAST INTO
THE SPINE BEAM TO
PROVIDE THE FIXING FOR
THE CANTILEVER TRADES.
3.PRECAST CONCRETE SPIRAL STAIRS
THESE STAIRS ARE USUALLY
OPEN RISER STAIRS WITH A
REINFORCED CONCRETE CORE
OR ALTERNATIVELY A CONCRETE-
FILLED STEEL TUBE CORE.
HOLES ARE FORMED AT THE
EXTREME ENDS OF THE TREADS,
TO RECEIVE THE HANDRAIL
SUPPORTS IN SUCH A MANNER
THAT THE STANDARD PASSES
THROUGH A TREAD AND IS FIXED
TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE
TREAD IMMEDIATELY BELOW.
 RAMP
DEFINITION:- A SLOPING SURFACE JOINING TWO DIFFERENT
LEVELS,AS AT THE ENTRANCE OR BETWEEN FLORRS OF
BUILDING.
USE AND CONSTRUCTION
1. RAMPS CAN BE USED WHERE THRRE IS DIFFERENCE IN
ELEVATION.
2. THEY ALSO USEFULL FOR HANDICAPPED PERSON.
3. USE FORM AND STAKE THEM
4. PLACE CONCRETE INTO THE FORM
5. SMOOTH THE SURFACE AS YOU GO
6. MIXTURE SHOULD BE STIFF ENOUGH
7. CURE AND SEAL THE RAMINING SURFACE
 ROOF
DEFINITION:-A roof is part of a building
envelope, both the covering on the uppermost
part of a building or shelter which provides
protection from the various climatic conditions.
 ICF ROOFS(INSULATED CONCRETE FORM)
Insulating Concrete Form is a system of
formwork for reinforced concrete that stays in
place as a permanent interior and exterior
substrate for walls, floors, and roofs. The forms
are interlocking modular units that are dry-
stacked and filled with concrete
 The popular new way to build a concrete roof
or lid is with an ICF deck system. It is the most
practical way to build a pitched concrete roof
These systems consist of long foam forms,
called sections, that are reinforced with
light-gauge steel joists
 Crews set them on the walls and brace them
from below every 5-6 feet. Reinforcing steel,
wire mesh, and concrete go on top to create a
structural concrete deck with an under layer
of foam.
 The steel joists inside the form provide a place
to attach sheetrock and fixtures. Clear spans
of 38 feet have been achieved.
 A CONCRETE ROOF CAN SUSTAIN ENORMOUS
AMOUNT OF WEIGHT, SO THEY CAN BE
CONVERTED INTO DECKS, ROFFTOP GARDENS
OR EVEN ADDITIONAL PARKING SPACE
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- R CHUDLEY(VOL-3)
www.nrca.net
www.constructionphotographs.com
www.wikipedia.com
ICF builder magazine.htm