Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Linh Hoang
(Friedrich Schiller University of Jena)
Nouns
1.Number
1.Gender
1.Case
Number in Vietnamese
Numeral: mt 1, hai 2, my a few, etc.
Plural marker: nhng, cc
Classifier: ci refers to non-living things, con refers to living
things, etc.
Numeral/Plural marker + Classifier + N
hai con ch
2CLF dog
two dogs
nhng con ch
PL CLF dog
dogs
Gender in Vietnamese
No gender
But classifier
ngi n ng quyn v
CLF man CLF notebook
bi th nim vui
CLF poem CLF happiness
Ti gi anh y.
I call him
I call him.
Anh y gi ti.
he call me
He calls me.
Pronouns
1. Personal pronouns
2. Possessive pronouns
3. Reflexive pronouns
4. Relative pronouns
5. Indefinite pronouns
6. Demonstrative pronouns
7. Interrogative pronouns
1. Personal Pronouns - English
1.person 2.person 3.person
By proper name:
- Linh: Vn i, Vn gip Linh vic ny c khng?
Vn hey, you help me this okay?
Hey Vn, can you help me with this?
- Vn: , Linh cn g c bo Vn.
Yes, you need anything just tell me
Yes, just tell me anything you need.
Vietnamese: Status Pronouns - Kinship
Proper Noun: PR
Common Noun: N
Personal Pronoun: PERS
2. Possesive Pronouns - English
Possessivedeterminers Possessivepronouns
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its
our ours
your yours
their theirs
2. Possesive Pronouns - Vietnamese
Possessivedeterminers Possessivepronouns
ca + Pronoun
y l quyn sch ca ti .
This is book my.
This is my book.
l ca bn.
That is your.
That is yours.
3. Reflexive Pronouns - English
Personalpronouns Reflexivepronouns
I myself
you yourself
he himself
she herself
it itself
we ourselves
you yourselves
they themselves
3. Reflexive Pronouns - Vietnamese
that that
(c i) m
Assertive Elective
Number Type Negative Positive Other
existential existential
no one everyone someone anyone
Person one
nobody everybody somebody anybody
Thing nothing everything something anything
another
other
Singular
whatever
whichever
each whoever
(whosoever
)
whomever
(whomsoev
Dual neither both either er)
Plural others
5. Indefinite Pronouns - Vietnamese
Assertive Elective
Number Type Negative Positive Other
existential existential
khng ai
(b t c) i
Person i cu ng i o i
cu ng
Thing kho ng (c i) g mo i th c i g o (b t c) c i g
(nhng
Singular plural)
ai
mo i g
no
u
bao
Dual kho ng . n o c hi n o cu ng
Plural ngi t
6. Demonstrative Pronouns - English
proximal distal
proximal distal
singular ny y
nay
plural y kia
y
subject object
thing what
person/thing which
(selection)
person whose
(possession)
time when
place where
7. Interrogative Pronouns- Vietnamese
person/ ai
thing
Who are you talking to?
ci no
To whom are you talking? (selection)
ngi no
person ca ai
(possession)
time khi no
place u
References
Luong, Hy. Discursive Practices and Linguistic Meanings: The Vietnamese System of
Personal Reference. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 1990.
Nguyen, Dinh-Hoa. Vietnamese: Tieng viet khong son phan. London Oriental and
African Language Library. Vol. 9. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997.