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Serviceability
Deflection calculation
Deflection example
Structural Design Profession is concerned with:
Limit States Philosophy:
Strength Limit State
(safety-fracture, fatigue, overturning buckling
etc.-)
Serviceability
Performance of structures under normal service
load and are concerned the uses and/or
occupancy of structures
;
:Amplification factor
:Time dependent Factor
Solution:
See Example 2.2
Ma: Max.
Service
Load Moment
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
1k
Ec 57000 f c 57000 4000
1000 lb
3605 ksi
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
y
y n A 3840.38 in
i i i
12.26 in.
3
n A 313.34 in
i i
2
I I d n A 13824 in 2266.7 in
i
2
i i i
4 4
16090.7 in 4
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
The compute the centroid and I for a cracked doubly
reinforced beam.
2n 1As 2nAs 2n 1As 2nAs d
y
2
y 0
b b
2 7.04 1.2 in 2 2 8.04 2.4 in 2
y2 y
12 in.
2 7.04 1.2 in 2 2 8.04 2.4 in 2 21.5 in.
s
0
12 in.
y 2 4.624 y 72.664 0
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
The compute the centroid for a cracked doubly reinforced
beam.
y 2 4.624 y 72.664 0
y
2
6.52 in.
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
The compute the moment of inertia for a cracked doubly
reinforced beam.
I cr by n 1As y d nAs d y
1 3
2 2
3
1
I cr 12 in. 6.52 in.
3
3
7.04 1.2 in 6.52 in. 2.5 in.
2 2
5575.22 in 4
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
The critical ratio of moment of inertia
4
I cr 5575.22 in
4
0.346
I g 16090.7 in
I cr 0.35I g
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
Find the components of the beam
Cc 0.85 f cba 0.85 4 ksi 12 in. 0.85 c 34.68c
T Cc Cs
261
144 k 34.68c 100.32 34.68c 2 43.68c 261 0
c
The neutral axis
43.68 43.68 4 261 34.68
2
c
2 34.68
3.44 in.
Reinforced Concrete Sections - Example
The strain of the steel
M cr
y 24 in. 12.26 in.
fr I 0.4743 ksi 16090.7 in 4
M cr 622.6 k-in.
y 12.26 in.
Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
due to dead loads( unfactored) , live, etc.
Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating Dinst for common cases
Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating Dinst for common cases
Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating Dinst for common cases
Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating Dinst for common cases
Sustained Load Deflections
Creep causes an increase Curvature
in concrete strain increases
Instantaneous deflection
l
1 50 ACI 9.5.2.5
As
at midspan for simple and continuous beams
D after attachment of
D total D DLinst
total
N/S components
Sustained Load Deflections
fc = 5 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Part I
Determine whether the floor beam meets the ACI Code maximum
permissible deflection criteria. (Note: it will be assumed that it is
acceptable to consider the effective moments of inertia at location
A and B when computing the average effective moment of inertia
for the span in this example.)
Part II
Check the ACI Code crack width provisions at midspan of the
beam.
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
l 35ft 12 in/ft
be 105 in
4 4
8t 2 bw 8 4.5 in 2 12 in = 84 in
s = 10 ft = 120 in.
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Compute the centroid and gross moment of inertia, Ig.
b h Area yi Ai * yi
Flange 84 4.5 378 17.75 6709.5
Web 15.5 12 186 7.75 1441.5
564 8151
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
The moment of inertia
y
yi Ai
8151 in 3
14.45 in 14.5 in
Ai 564 in 2
1 3
I g bh Ad 2
12
84 in 4.5 in 378 in 17.75 in - 14.45 in
1 3 2 2
12
12 in 15.5 in 186 in 7.75 in - 14.45 in
1 3 2 2
12
16,950 in 4 16900 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
The moment capacity
f r 7.5 f c 7.5 5000 530 psi
E c 57000 f c 57000 5000 /1000 lbs=4030 ksi
fr Ig 530 psi 16900 in 4
M cr - 1610 k-in
y t - 5.55 in 1000 lbs/kip
M A 0.85wD ln /11
2
Es 29000 ksi
n 7.2
Ec 4030 ksi
As 3#5 3 0.31 in 2 0.93 in 2
As 4 # 7 4 0.6 in 2 2.40 in 2
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Calculate the center of the T-beam
2 n 1 As 2nAs 2 n 1 Asd 2nAs d
y
2
y 0
b b
2 6.2 0.93 in 2 2 7.2 2.4 in 2
y2 y
84 in.
2 6.2 0.93 in 2 2.5 in. 2 7.2 2.4 in 2 17.5 in.
0
84 in.
y 2 0.549 y 7.54 0
0.549 30.47
y 2.49 in.
2
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
The centroid is located at the As < 4.5 in. = tf Use
rectangular section behavior
1 3
by n 1 As y d nAs d y
2 2
I cr +
3
1
84 in 2.49 in
3
3
6.2 0.93 in 2.5 in 2.49 in
2 2
4330 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
The moment of inertia at midspan
M cr
3
M cr
3
I e midspan I g 1 I cr
Ma Ma
3
618 k-in
4
16900 in
723 k-in
618 k-in 3
1
723 k-in 4330 in
4
12200 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Calculate average effective moment of inertia, Ie(avg) for
interior span (for 0.85 DL) For beam with two ends
continuous and use Ig for the two ends.
I e avg 0.7 I e mid 0.15 I e1 I e2
0.7 12200 in 4
0.15 16900 in 4 16900 in 4
13600 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Calculate instantaneous deflection due to 0.85 DL:
Use the deflection equation for a fixed-fixed beam but use
the span length from the centerline support to centerline
support to reasonably approximate the actual deflection.
MA n
11 11
167 k-ft 2000 k-in
D L l 1.62 k/ft 33.67 ft
2 2
MB n
16 16
115 k-ft 1380 k-in
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Calculate additional short-term Deflections (full DL & LL)
3.40 in 2
d 20 in - 2.5 in = 17.5 in
As 3 0.6 in 2 1.80 in 2
d 2.5 in
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Class formula using doubly reinforced rectangular section
behavior.
2 n 1 As 2nAs 2 n 1 Asd 2nAs d
y
2
y 0
b b
2 6.2 1.80 in 2 2 7.2 3.4 in 2
y2 y
12 in
2 6.2 1.80 in 2 2.5 in 2 7.2 3.4 in 2 17.5 in
0
12 in
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Class formula using doubly reinforced rectangular section
behavior.
2 n 1 As 2nAs 2 n 1 Asd 2nAs d
y
2
y 0
b b
y 5.94 y 76.05 0
2
5.94 340
y 6.25 in.
2
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Calculate moment of inertia.
1 3
by n 1 As y d nAs d y
2 2
I cr +
3
1
12 in 6.25 in
3
3
6.2 1.80 in 2.5 in 6.25 in
2 2
4230 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Weighted Icr
t 0.00221
2bw d 2 12 in 17.5 in
Dead Load (Duration > 5 years)
2.0
l 1.80
1 50 1 50 0.00221
D DL L.T. lDL D DLinst 1.8 0.390 in 0.702 in
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Long term Deflection use the midspan information
As t 3 0.31 in 2
t 0.00221
2bw d 2 12 in 17.5 in
Live Load (40 % sustained 6 months)
1.2
l 1.08
1 50 1 50 0.00221
D LL L.T. lLL D LLinst 1.08 0.242 in 0.40
0.105 in
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Total Deflection after Installation of Glass Partition Wall.
D total D DLinst D LLinst D DL L.T. D LL L.T.
0.390 in 0.242 in 0.702 in 0.105 in
= 1.44 in
D after attachment D total D DLinst
1.44 in 0.105 in 1.33 in
l
D permissible
480
35 ft 12 in/ft
0.875 in < 1.33 in NO GOOD!
480
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Check whether modifying Icr to Ie will give an acceptable
deflection:
M cr
3
M cr
3
I e midspan I g 1 I cr
Ma Ma
3
618 k-in
16900 in
4
1380 k-in
618 k-in 3
1380 k-in
1 4330 in 4
5460 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Check whether modifying Icr to Ie will give an acceptable
deflection: 3
1610 k-in
I esupport
4
16900 in
2000 k-in
1610 k-in 3
2000 k-in
1 4230 in 4
10800 in 4
I e avg 0.7 I e mid 0.15 I e1 I e2
0.7 5460 in 4
0.15 10800 in 4
10800 in 4
7060 in 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Floor Beam meets the ACI Code Maximum permissible
Deflection Criteria. Adjust deflections:
4300 in 4
D DLinst 0.390 in 4
0.238 in
7060 in
4300 in 4
D LLinst 0.242 in 4
0.147 in
7060 in
4300 in 4
D DL L.T. 0.702 in 4
0.428 in
7060 in
4300 in 4
D LL L.T. 0.105 in 4
0.064 in
7060 in
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Adjust deflections:
z fs 3 dc A
dc ds 2.5 in
A e 2dsb 2 2.5 in 12 in 60 in 2
Ae 60 in 2
A 15 in 2
# bars 4
Serviceability Load Deflections - Example
Assume
fs 0.6 f y 0.6 60 ksi 36 ksi ACI 10.6.4
z 36 ksi 3 2.5 in 15 in 2
120 k/in < 175 k/in OK
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