Imaginary & Complex Numbers

Once upon a time

-1 = no real solution
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that

negative numbers would have square roots and
certain equations would have solutions.

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary

unit named i.

i = -1
-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,
where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i = -1.

-The first four powers of i establish an important

pattern and should be memorized.

Powers of i
i =i
1
i = -1
2
i = -i
3
i =1
4
 i =1
4

i = -i
3
i

i = -1
2 Divide the exponent by 4
No remainder: answer is 1.
remainder of 1: answer is i.
remainder of 2: answer is 1.
remainder of 3:answer is i.
Powers of i
1.) Find i23 = -i
2.) Find i2006 = -1
3.) Find i37 =i
4.) Find i828 =1
 Complex Number System
Reals
Imaginary

Rationals i, 2i, -3-7i, etc.

(fractions, decimals)
Integers
(, -1, -2, 0, 1, 2, )

Irrationals
Whole (no fractions)
(0, 1, 2, ) pi, e

Natural
(1, 2, )
Simplify. -Express these numbers in terms of i.

1.)
3.) -5 = -1*5 = -1 5 = i 5

4.) - -7 = - -1* 7 = - -1 7 = -i 7
2.)

3.)
5.) -99 = -1* 99 = -1 99
= i 3 3 11
= 3i 11
You try
6. -7 = i 7

7. - -36 = -6i
8. -160 = 4i 10
To multiply imaginary numbers or
an imaginary number by a real
number, it is important first to
express the imaginary numbers in
terms of i.
Multiplying
9. 47i 2 = 94i
10. 2i -5 = 2i -1 5 = 2i i 5
= 2i 2
5 = -2 5
11. - -3 -7 = -i 3 i 7 = -i 2
21

= -(-1) 21 = 21
 Complex Numbers

a + bi
real imaginary
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.
 Add or Subtract
7.)
12. 7i 9i = 16i

8.)
13. (-5 6i) (2 - 11i) = -3 -5i

9.)
14. (2 3i ) - (4 2i) = 2 3i - 4 - 2i
= -2 i
Multiplying & Dividing
Complex Numbers

Part of 7.9 in your book

 REMEMBER: i = -1

Multiply
1) 3i 4i = 12i = 12(-1) = -12
2

2) 7i 2
= 7 i = 49( -1) = -49
2 2
 You try
3)
-7i 12i = -84i = -84(-1)
2

= 84
4) - 11i = - 11 i = 121(-1)
2 2 2

= -121
 Multiply
5) 4 3i 7 2i
= 28 8i 21i 6i
2

= 28 29i 6i 2

= 28 29i 6(-1)
= 28 29i - 6
= 22 29i
 You try
6) 2 - i 3 10i
= 6 20i - 3i - 10i 2

= 6 17i - 10i 2

= 6 17i - 10 - 1
= 6 17i 10
= 16 17i
 You try
7)
5 7i 5 - 7i
= 25-35i 35i -49i 2

= 25 - 49(-1)
= 25 49
= 74
 Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a bi

-The conjugate of a bi is a + bi
 Find the conjugate of each
number
8) 3 4i 3 - 4i

9) -4 - 7i -4 7i
10) 5i -5i
11)6 6
Because 6 0i is the same as 6 - 0i
12)
Divide
-5 9i 1 i -5 - 5i 9i 9i 2
=
1- i 1 i 1 i - i - i 2

-14 4i -14 4i
=
1- i 2 =
2
= -7 2i
You try
13)
2 - 3i 3 - 5i 6 - 10i - 9i 15i 2
=
3 5i 3 - 5i 9 - 15i 15i - 25i 2

-9 - 19i -9 - 19i
= 2 =
9 - 25i 34