Dentin Development

Odontoblasts differentiation Early dentin formation

 Life History Of Odontoblasts
1- Differentiation of odontoblasts.
Ameloblasts

Preameloblasts

Basement
membrane

Differentiate from At first become

the peripheral short columnar cell The cells grow in length
dental papilla cells with many stubby (40u) and closely packed
(UMC) together
processes
Odontoblasts differentiation
 2- Formation of the predentin
Odontoblast become a protein forming and secreting
cell.
R E R , Mitochondria and Golgi bodies
Ribonucleic acid and alkaline phosphatase
Large open
faced N
Inner dental
RER
epith side
Mitochondria

Golgi Predentin
bodies
3- Odontoblastic process formation

As more D is laid down, the

At first more than one cells receed and leave single
process process ( Tomes fiber)
4- Quiescent state of odontoblasts

The odontoblasts decrease in size and form

dentin in a slowly diminishing rate until
stimulated to form reparative dentin.
 Dentinogenesis
1 Matrix formation 2 Mineralization
(Predentin)

Hydroxyapatite
crystals
Collagen Ground
fibers substance
 1- Matrix formation
A- Mantle dentin Fibers are perpendicular
to D E J
The first formed dentin
layer in crown
And root

Fibers are parallel to

basement membrane
B) Circumpulpal dentin

Mantle dentin

Circumpulpal
dentin. The fibers
are parallel to DEJ
( right or oblique
angle to DT)

Crowding of the
cells and
appearance of
junctional
complex
 Crown Root
Mantle dentin Circumpulpal dentin
Thickness: 10-20 um Thickness: bulk of the tooth
Diameter of collagen Diameter of collagen fibers:
fibers: large (0.1-0.2 um) small (0.05um)
Direction of collagen Direction of collagen fibers :
fibers : have right angle have right or oblique angle to
to DEJ and parallel to dentinal tubules (parallel to
basement membrane in dentin surface)
root Ground substance: from
Ground substance: from odontoblasts
odontoblasts and the Mineralization: Globular
cell free zone below mantle dentin then
Mineralization: linear become mixed in the
form (contains matrix remaining circumpulpal
vesicles). dentin (no M V ).
 2- Mineralization
Budding of
matrix Rupture of matrix Mineralization of the
vesicles vesicles mantle dentin

Has
membrane
rich in
alkaline
Matrix phosphatas
vesicle e

Calcium and
phosphate
ions undergo
crystallization
 Pattern Of Mineralization
1- Linear at the
mantle dentin area

2- Globular in
M V in Crystal
matrix
circumpulpal
lization
dentin just below
mantle dentin
3- Combination in
the remaining
Lodgment circumpulpal
Rupture
of crystals dentin of the
crown and root
 Age Changes Of Dentin
1-Regular secondary
dentin (Mild stimulus)
Occurs on the entire pulpal
surface. In multirooted
teeth it is thicker on the
roof and floor of pulp
chamber.
The size of the pulp cavity
decrease and obliteration
of the pulp horns
The dentinal tubules
change their direction to a
more wavy course
The number of dentinal
tubules are fewer
Line of demarcation (dark).
2-Irregular Secondary Dentin (Reparative
or tertiary dentin)

Severe stimulus
The dentin is formed at
a localized area.
The dentinal tubules are
less in number and
irregular in Irregular D T
arrangement.
UMC from the
subodontoblastic layer
will differentiate and
replace the degenerated
odontoblasts to form
reparative dentin
 Types Of Reparative Dentin

Osteodentin (entrapped cells).

Atubular dentin ( area

without dentinal
tubules)

Vasodentin
(entrapped b.v.)
 Thus Secondary Dentin may be:
Regular
Cause:
Mild stimuli (slow attrition and
slowly progressing caries)
Site of formation:
Occurs on the entire pulpal
surface of the tooth ( thicker
on the roof and floor of the
pulp chamber in multirooted
teeth).
Dentinal tubules:
- Change their direction and
have more wavy course
- They decrease in number per
unit area.
Line of demarcation
Present and stained dark.
Irregular
Severe stimulus (abrasion,
erosion, severe attrition and
deep caries)
Formed at the area
corresponding to the pulpal
end of the exposed dentin.
- Have irregular or twisted
course
- They decrease in number and
some areas may have no
tubules
(a tubular dentin).
May or may not present
 Clinically:
The decrease of the The localized area of
pulp chamber height dentin formation
and obliteration of increase the time
the pulp horns make taken by caries to
the liability of pulp reach the pulp
exposure during (barrier)
cavity preparation
much less likely to
occur
 3- Transparent (Sclerotic Dentin)
Mild stimulus leads to changes
in the dentin already present.
1- Odontoblast
and its process
undergo fatty
degeneration.
2- Then there will be
calcification of
dentinal tubules. First
become narrow by
widening of the 3- Then the DT
peritubular dentin. become obliterated.
The affected area have occluded dentinal tubules, so
the dentin have uniform refractive index. So this area
of dentin appear translucent by transmitted light.
Trasparent D
 4-Dead Tracts
Severe stimulation to
dentin leads to
destruction of the
odontoblastic process
and odontoblasts. This
leads to embty and wide
dentinal tubules.
These areas apear black
with transmitted light.
Under the dead tracts
from the pulpal surface ,
reparative dentine will be
formed.
The dead tract
serounded by sclerotic
dentin.
Discuss theories of pain transmission through dentin.

Compare between interglobular dentin and Tomes granular layer.

Compare between mantle and circumpulpal dentin.

Mention different types of secondary dentin and compare between them.

Mention different types of dentin and
their histological features.

Predentin
Primary dentin (mantle, circumpulpal, peritubular, intertubular and interglobular
dentin)

Regular Atubular dentin

Secondary dentin

Irregular Vasodentin

Osteodentin
Sclerotic dentin