GASOLINE ENGINE

PERFORMANCE
TEST
GASOLINE ENGINE

an internal-combustion engine having its

piston driven by explosions of a mixture of
air and vapor of gasoline or other volatile
fuel ignited by an electric spark
Cylinder Block

It is a container fitted with piston, where

the fuel is burnt and power is produced.
Cylinder is the main body of the IC
engine. Cylinder is a part in which the
intake of fuel, compression of fuel and
burning of fuel take place. The main
function of cylinder is to guide the piston
At the upper end of the cylinder, cylinder
head and at the bottom end crank case
is bolted
Cylinder head/ Cylinder Cover

The inlet valve, exhaust

valve, spark plug,
injector etc. are bolted
on the cylinder head.
The main function of the
cylinder head is to seal
the cylinder block and
not to permit entry and
exit of gases on cover
head valve engine.
Piston

Piston is used to
reciprocate inside the
cylinder
It transmits the energy to
crankshaft through
connecting rod.
Piston Rings
These are used to maintain
a pressure tight seal
between the piston and
cylinder walls and also it
transfer the heat from the
piston head to cylinder wall.
These rings are fitted in
grooves which have been
cut in the piston. They are
split at one end so they can
expand or slipped over the
end of piston.
Connecting Rod

It transmits the reciprocating

motion of the piston to rotary
crank.
One end of the connecting
rod is connected to the
piston through piston pin
while the other is connected
to crank through crank pin.
Crank Shaft

The function of crank

shaft is to transform
reciprocating motion in to
a rotary motion
The shape and size of
crankshaft depends on
the number and
arrangement of cylinder.
 Fly Wheel

Fly Wheel is a rotating mass

used as a energy storing
device.
It is secured on the
crankshaft. The main function
of flywheel is to rotate the
shaft during preparatory
stroke. It also makes
crankshaft rotation more
uniform.
Crank Case

The main body of the engine

to which the cylinder are
attached and which contains
the crankshaft and crankshaft
bearing is called crankcase. It
serve as the lubricating system
too and sometime it is called
oil sump. All the oil for
lubrication is placed in it.
Spark Plug

The main function of a spark

plug is to conduct the high
potential from the ignition
system into the combustion
chamber
It provides the proper gap
across which spark is
produce by applying high
voltage, to ignite the mixture
in the ignition chamber
Governor

A device for regulating

automatically output of a
machine by regulating the
supply of working fluid.
Thus the function of a
governor is to control the
fluctuations of engine speed
due to change of load.
Carburetor

The function of a carburetor is to

atomize and meter the liquid fuel
and mix it with air as it enters the
induction system of the engine.
Maintaining fuel-air proportion
under all condition of operation
appropriate to the conditions.
Manifold
The main function of manifold
is to supply the air fuel mixture
and collects the exhaust
gases equally from all
cylinder. In an internal
combustion engine two
manifold are used, one for
intake and other for exhaust.
Pushrod

Pushrod is used when a

camshaft is situated at the
bottom end of cylinder. It
carries the camshaft motion to
the valves which are situated at
the cylinder head.
Cam Shaft

Camshaft is used in IC engine

to control the opening and
closing of valves at proper
timing.
Distributor

distributor is an enclosed
rotating shaft used in spark-
ignition internal combustion
engines that have
mechanically-timed ignition.
The distributor's main function
is to route secondary, or high
voltage, current from
the ignition coil to the spark
plugs in the correct firing order,
and for the correct amount of
time.
Performance test
and
maintenance
Performance parameters

1. Power and Mechanical Efficiency

2. Fuel Air Ratio
3. Volumetric Efficiency
4. Specific Output
5. Specific Fuel Consumption
6. Thermal Efficiency and Heat Balance
7. Exhaust Smoke and Emissions
8. Effective Pressure and Torque
Summary

We need to conduct the performance test to know the brake power

(through dynamometer), thermal and mechanical efficiency, fuel
consumption, temperature of combustion. In short we need to know
the capacities of the engine.
Common problems
And
troubleshooting
of
gasoline engine
Poor lubrication

Your car needs oil between its moving parts. Not only will this
reduce friction, but it will also remove heat. As such, getting a
regular oil change is critical to the functioning of your vehicle.
Failing to ensure proper lubrication can cause the car to
overheat and its parts to seize, so keep the oil at an appropriate
level. Low levels could indicate leakage or burning.
Oil pump failure

A failing oil pump can cause whats called oil starvation, which
is almost always fatal to any engine. Overhead cam engines are
especially at risk, because the cam and valve train are farther from
the pump than they are in pushrod engines. Oil should be of a proper
viscosity, which means it needs to be light enough to move quickly.
Dirty oil

Oil can also build up and leave deposits on spark plugs, intake
valves, and in combustion chambers. It can also ruin a cars
bearings by leaving debris, which becomes embedded in the
surface. If your oil filter is clogged or missing, this could be the
cause of the problem.
Spark knock

Detonation, or spark knock, is a type of combustion caused by the

buildup of too much heat and pressure in the engines combustion
chamber. When this happens, you should be able to hear a metallic
knocking or pinging noise. A small amount of detonation usually wont
cause major damage, but heavy knocks or prolonged detonation can
cause serious damage to your parts. It can punch holes in your pistons,
crush rod bearings, blow head gaskets, crack rings, and pound out
piston ring grooves. Prolonged pinging noises are a definite cause for
concern.
Broken or faulty oxygen sensor

The sensor measures how much oxygen has not been burned in the
exhaust. It then tells the cars data system how much fuel is in the
gas tank. A problem with the oxygen sensor means the car receives
incorrect information. Often, this results in lower gas mileage.
Poor compression

If air and fuel are not properly compressed, the engine cant carry out
its combustion process. If your valves are not sealing properly, your
cylinder has a hole, or the piston rings are worn, an air leak can occur,
causing a lack of compression.
Coolant loss

Generally, coolant loss is the most common cause of overheating. If

your engine overheats repeatedly, the high temperature could result in
irreparable damage that can be a pain to repair. Prevention is the best
medicine, so avoid this kind of damage by making sure the coolant is
clean and the cooling system is in good operating condition.
Clogged radiator

Dirty coolant can cause multiple problems. If the radiator becomes

filled with sediment from dirty coolant, it will likely cause your engine
to overheat. The radiator could also become corroded if hard water
is used.
Worn spark plug

Small but critical, a spark plug makes the car move. Its function is
to ignite the compressed fuel in the engine. A worn spark plug will
cause a weak spark. It may even prevent ignition entirely, or
cause ignition at the wrong time. A misfire will affect engine power
and fuel economy and cause massive amounts of potential
damage.
Loose or missing gas cap

Tightening or replacing the gas cap is one of the easiest and

cheapest fixes your car will need over the course of its lifetime.
However, its also an important one. A loose or missing gas cap will
cause gas to evaporate from the car, decreasing its gas mileage and
costing you potentially hundreds of dollars.