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the power received by a dynamo is called
input
generator = mechanical power
motor = electrical power
the power delivered by a dynamo is called
output
generator = electrical power
motor = mechanical power
mechanical power is expressed in horsepower
1 hp = 33,000 ft.-lb. of energy per minute
1 hp = 746 watts
power input > power output
the difference between its power output (in
watts) and its the power input to a machine
(in watts)
produces heating in a dynamo
therefore, the greater the power loss as a
percentage of the power input, the hotter will
the machine tend to become
1. those that are caused by the rotation of the
armature
2. those that result from a current flow in the
various part of the machine
(1) By directly measuring the total power output and the total
power input;
(2) by making certain necessary tests from which the various
power losses are determined.
4. For Motors:
- Starting torque requirements
- Overload possibilities
- Type of service (continuous duty or intermittent duty)
- The regulation
- Type of speed control
- How it is be mounted (floor, side wall or ceilling)
- The surrounding conditions
- Altitude
- Kind of driver
Efficiency of a dc motor is the ratio of the mechanical power
output, converted to watts, to the electrical power input. As a
percentage, this statement may be written in equation form:
746
% efficiency =
x100
746
%efficiency= x100 %efficiency= (1- )x100
746 + 746 +
A 15-hp motor has a total loss of 1310 watts
when operating at full load. Calculate the
percent efficiency.
1310
% efficiency = 1 100 =
15 746 +1310
.
A 25 hp motor has an efficiency of 84.9% when delivering three-quarters of its rated output.
Calculate the total losses at this load.
(0.75 25 746)
84.9 = 100
0.75 25 746 +
14000 100
Losses = -14000 = 2500 watts
84.9
Ea=(Et-Eb)-IaRa
Ea = voltage impressed across
armature
Et = terminal emf or rated
name-plate voltage
Eb = brush drop
IaRa = armature resistance
drop at full load
All power losses are converted into heat, it follows that the
temperature rise of a machine is affected very definitely by the
efficiency.
Energy cost of the losses in a dynamo, as a percentage of the
total operating cost, goes up as the efficiency become less.
Better machine is likely to be more reliable and less subject to
breakdown, and thus involve fewer maintenance costs, than one
whose efficiency is comparatively low.