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INTRODUCTION TO
PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
RATNAWATI
Sections:
V H
S G
Change of state of a thermodynamic system
Gradient Process
Pressure Momentum or convective
transport of mass
Temperature Heat transfer
Concentration/ Diffusive mass transfer
chemical potential
T and P are common independent intensive variables
N components
1
No. of intensive variables = N 1
2
N components
3 No. of intensive variables = N 1
N components
No. of intensive variables = N 1
Total number of variables = (N 1) + 2
The chemical potential of each component must be
equal in all phases.
Comp. 1 Comp. 2 Comp. N
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 1 2 2 N N
11 13 21 23 N1 N3
1 1 1
1 1 2 2 N N
F = (N 1) + 2 N ( 1)
FF =
=22
+
+NN (1.1)
{2 Single Component
System }
F 2 N 3
P S+L
=2;F=1
P = 1 atm
=1;F=2 L+V
=1;F=2 =2;F=1
S+V
=2;F=1 Vapor
S+L+V =1;F=2
=3;F=0
{3 Two Component
System }
F=2+N=4
Minimum number of phase = 1
F=3
3 dimensional diagram
(T P composition)
Constant T compression
P-V Diagram for a Binary Mixture
T
P-V Diagram for a Pure Component
Family of Isotherms on a P-V diagram of A Binary Mixture
P-T Phase Envelope For A Binary System
Cricondentherm (Tcc)
Lz A x A V y A z A
F L V
V L
G L
F F
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