The World of Innovative

Management Sciences
By
Prof.& Lawyer P. Guru Prasad
M.B.A., M.Com., M.Phil., L.L.B., ICFAI CMF., PGDFTM., (PhD) at JNTUK.,

Senior Faculty for Management Sciences,

Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology,
Nambur Guntur.
My Blog: puttuguru.blogspot.in.
Management
The attainment of organizational goals in an
effective and efficient manner through
planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling organizational resources

Organization
A formally structured collection of
individuals working toward common
(shared) goals.
 Organizational Performance
Effectiveness : the degree to which the
organization achieves a stated goal
Efficiency : the use of minimal resources
(input) to produce a desired volume of
output.
Efficient, but not Effective:
- Goals not achieved
Effective, but not Efficient
- Wasted Resources
(You may have to choose between the two.)
 The Four Functions of
Management

Planning
Select goals
& ways to
Controlling attain them
Organizing
Monitor Assign
activities & responsibility
make
for tasks
corrections
Leading
Use
influence to
motivate
MANAGEMENT LEVELS AND
TIME SPENT ON FUNCTIONS

Plan. Organ. Lead. Control.

Top 28% 36% 22% 14%
Middle 18% 33% 36% 13%
Lower 15% 24% 51% 10%
 Management Skills
Conceptual Skills : cognitive ability to see the
organization as a whole and the
relationship among its parts
Human Skills : ability to work with and
through other people and to work
effectively as a group member
Technical Skills : understanding of and
proficiency in the performance of specific
tasks.
 What Is It Like to Be a
Manager?
Managers give up the
Managerial Activities right to:
- Long hours - Be one of the gang
- Most time spent in oral - Put your self-
communication interest first
- Characterized by - Ask others to do
variety, fragmentation, things you wouldnt
and brevity do
- Fast paced and require - Vent your
a high energy level to be frustrations
successful - Resist change
 Supervisors Responsibilities
Plan and schedule Inform employees of
work organizational
Clarify tasks and goals
gather ideas for Inform higher
improvement managers of work
unit needs and
Appraise and counsel accomplishments
employees Recruit, train, and
Recommend job develop workers
assignments and Encourage and
pay maintain high and
enthusiasm
Informational Roles to develop and
maintain information network
The monitor seeks current information
from many sources.
The disseminator transmits information to
others both inside and outside the
organization.
The spokesperson provides official
statements to people outside the
organization about company policies,
actions, or plans.
Interpersonal Roles pertain to
relationships with others
The figurehead engages in
ceremonial activities
The leader motivates,
communicates, and influences
subordinates.
The liaison develops relationships
outside his/her unit both inside and
outside the organization.
Decisional Roles to make choices
requiring conceptual & human skills.
The entrepreneur initiates change.
The resource allocator allocates
resources to achieve outcomes.
The negotiator bargains for his/her
unit.
The disturbance handler resolves
conflicts.
How Do You Learn to Manage?

50% from job experience

30% from other persons
20% from education & training

(Based on study of successful managers

at Honeywell)
Successful Managers
Attributes
Leadership Oral
Team-Building Communication
Skills Written
Self-objectivity Communication
Analytic Thinking Personal Impact

Creative Thinking Resistance to

Behavioral
Stress
Flexibility Tolerance of
Uncertainty
Some Types of Changes
Impacting Organizations:

Products
Technologies
Markets
Speed Requirements
Management Techniques
 Pre-Classical Management
Anything before about 1900:e.g.,
Attila the Hun: Between 434 and 453 A.D., Hun
forces led by the Mighty Attila battered the Roman Empire
relentlessly, including invasions of the southern Balkan provinces, Greece,
France, and Italy almost total Europe continent.
Out of all the barbarian leaders of the late Roman era, Attilas
name is the only one most people actually remember.
Henry Towne: Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. Towne was
one of the first engineers to see management as a new social role
for engineers and that the development of management techniques
was important for the development of the engineering profession. He
laid out his ideas about the management role for the engineer in
his "The Engineer as Economist."
 Classical Perspective
Emphasized a rational, scientific approach to
study of management and sought to make
workers and organizations like efficient
operating machines
Classical Categories
Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Bureaucratic Organizations
Max Weber
Administrative Principles
Henri Fayol
 Scientific Management
Develop a standard method for
performing each job
Select appropriate workers
Train workers in standard method
Plan work and eliminate interruptions
Provide incentives for increased output.
 Bureaucratic Organizations
Clearly defined authority and
responsibility
Set procedures for each situation
Goals of fairness and efficiency
Separation of management and
ownership
i.e., run by professional mgrs.
Bureaucratic Organizations
Become Relatively
High in
dysfunctional when: Bureaucracy:
-There is no effort United Parcel
to recognize exceptions Service
to rules or to change
rules when necessary U.S. Postal Service
-Enforcement of Relatively
Low in
rules takes precedence Bureaucracy:
over pursuit of the Hewlett-Packard
organizations mission Disney Studios
 Administrative Management -
Henri Fayol
Fivebasic
14 Principles management
Unity of command functions
Division of work Planning
Unity of direction Organizing
Scalar chain-of- Commanding
command Coordinating
Authority=Responsibilit Controlling
y
(etc.)
 Humanistic Perspective
Emphasizes enlightened treatment of workers and
power sharing between managers and employees.

Emphasized satisfaction of employees

social/psychological needs as the key to increased
worker productivity.

Supported by Hawthorne Studies

 The Hawthorne Studies
Social Man
Methodological Problems, but Profound
Influence on Management Thought

Hawthorne Effect
Interviewing Techniques
 The Human Resources
Perspective
Jobs should be designed to allow
workers to use their full potential
Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
(Ch. 12)
Douglas McGregors Theory X vs.
Theory Y (comparison of Classical Mgmt
to Human Resources)
Theory X Theory Y (Human
(Classical): Resources):
People dislike work
and prefer to be People will accept
directed responsibility
Must be coerced to Have intellect that
work could be applied to
Want to avoid organizational
responsibility and goals
have little ambition Only partially use
Want security above their intellectual
everything potential.
 FEATURES of theory z
William G. Ouchy:

LONG-TERM EMPLOYMENT

COLLECTIVE DECISION MAKING

INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY

SLOW EVALUATION AND PROMOTION

INFORMAL CONTROL WITH FORMALIZED MEASURES

MODERATELY SPECIALIZED CAREER PATH

HOLISTIC CONCERN
Behavioral Sciences Approach =
Applied Social Sciences
Study of human behavior in
organizations
Draws on Disciplines of:
Economics
Psychology
Sociology
Communication
Anthropology
Management Science Perspective
Involves Mathematics, Computers
Examples:
Forecasting
Inventory control
Scheduling
Break-even analysis
 Contemporary Approaches
Systems Theory
How the parts fit together (Synergy is a key
concept)
How the org. interacts with its environment
Understanding systems requires Conceptual
Skills
Contingency View
Integrates many of the other viewpoints
No one best way to manage - the best way
depends on the situation
Contemporary Management Practices
Emphasizes Continuous Improvement in all Organizational
Processes
Total Quality Management
Operations Management
Functional Management
Project Management
Strategic Management
Just In Time (JIT)
Professor & Lawyer Visit My Blog:
Puttu Guru Prasad Puttuguru.blogspot.in

Prof.& Lawyer P. Guru Prasad

M.B.A., M.Com., M.Phil., L.L.B., ICFAI CMF., PGDFTM., (PhD) at
JNTUK.,

Senior Faculty for Management

Sciences,
Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology,
Nambur Guntur.
My Blog: puttuguru.blogspot.in.

CSE 4/2, Management Science, JNTUK University,VVIT, NAMBUR