Packaging is the technology of enclosing or

protecting products for distribution, storage,

sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the
process of designing, evaluating, and
producing packages. Packaging can be
described as a coordinated system of
preparing goods for transport, warehousing,
logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging
contains, protects, preserves, transports,
informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully
integrated into government, business,
institutional, industrial, and personal use.
 EARLY PACKAGING-
1. Leaves - Large leaves from a variety of different trees or
plants used with vines may have constructed the first
packaging container product.
2. Nuts or Gourds- Early civilizations have well documented
information about the use of both nuts and gourds to store,
contain, and transport a variety of goods.
3. Animal Skin- Nomadic people believed in using every part
of an animal when killed. It is very possible a tanned hide was
used to contain and transport products, food, and goods.
4. Wood- A hollowed out piece of wood may have been
used with leaves or animal skin to construct a
containing/storing device.
 MODERN ERA
The industrial revolution brought changes to
everyone's way of life. It consisted of an age
where products began to be produced by
machines instead of by hand. Many rural
residents moved into towns and cities to obtain
steady jobs and increased wages. The change in
the level of production and the increased
disposable income encouraged producers to
develop durable, dependable, and efficient
packaging methods. The increased product
production resulted in a large rise in demand for:
1. Storage and transportation bins
2. Bags
3. Food packaging methods
4. Primary packaging materials
5. In-store packaging options
 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

 PRODUCT PROTECTION:
A. Natural deterioration
B. Physical protection
C. Safety
D. Waste reduction
 CONVENIENCE
 PRODUCT PROMOTION:
i. Packaging concept: This defines what the
package should be or do for the particular
product in terms of size, shape, materials,
colour, text, and brand mark and
tamperproof ability
ii. Engineering tests: This will ensure that the
package stands up under normal conditions
iii. Visual tests: This is to ensure that the script is
legible and colours are harmonious
iv. Dealer tests: This is to ensure that the
dealers find the packages attractive and
easy to handle
v. Consumer tests: This is to ensure favourable
consumer response.
 Value Proposition
 Brand Recognition
 Brand Awareness
 Expectations
 Co-branding
 Symbols and Icons
Package design and development are often thought of
as an integral part of the new product development
process. Alternatively, development of a package (or
component) can be a separate process, but must be
linked closely with the product to be packaged.
Package design starts with the identification of all the
requirements: structural design, marketing, shelf life,
quality assurance, logistics, legal, regulatory, graphic
design, end-use, and environmental. The design criteria,
performance (specified by package testing),
completion time targets, resources, and cost constraints
need to be established and agreed upon. Package
design processes often employ rapid prototyping,
computer-aided design, computer-aided
manufacturing, and document automation.
 Prevention – Waste prevention is a primary goal.
Packaging should be used only where needed. Proper
packaging can also help prevent waste. Packaging plays
an important part in preventing loss or damage to the
packaged-product (contents).
 Disposal – Incineration and placement in a sanitary landfill
are needed for some materials. Packages should not be
littered.
 Energy recovery – Waste-to-energy and refuse-derived
fuel in approved facilities are able to make use of the
heat available from the packaging components.
 Minimization – The mass and volume of packaging (per
unit of contents) can be measured and used as one of the
criteria to minimize during the package design process.
Usually "reduced" packaging also helps minimize costs.
 Problems with Label
Information-
Often, products will have
words such as "fat free", "low-
fat", or "organic" on the
labels. Labels such as these
may mislead the customer
into thinking something that
may not be the case. For
example, they may think
there are no calories in a
product, when in fact there
are many.
 Problems with Packaging Graphics: There
are many cases in which marketers use
pictures in packaging that do not represent
the actual product.
 Problems with Packaging Safety: Consumers
are concerned with packaging safety
issues, especially when it comes to products
for children.
 Problems with Environmental Issues
 LANGUAGE
 COLORS
 CUSTOMS AND
TABOOS
 AESTHETICS
 PLACEMENT
Labels are Descriptive: A label is a carrier of information
about the product. The attached label provides
customers with information to aid their purchase
decision or help improve the experience of using the
product. Labels can include:
 Care and use of the product
 Recipes or suggestions
 Ingredients or nutritional information
 Product guarantees
 Manufacturer name and address
 Weight statements
 Sell by date and expiration dates
 Warnings
Many types of symbols for
package labelling are
nationally and internationally
standardized. Some
requirements and symbols
exist to communicate
aspects of consumer use and
safety. Examples of
environmental and recycling
symbols include the recycling
symbol, the resin
identification code, and the
"green dot."
 PRIMARY PACKAGING- Primary packaging is
the term used to designate the layer of
packaging in immediate contact with the
product; in other words, it is the first
packaging layer in which the product is
contained.
 SECONDARY PACKAGING- Secondary
packaging designates the packaging
used to group various pre-packaged
products together.
 TERTIARY PACKAGING- Tertiary
packaging or transport packaging
focuses on the packaging requirements
of goods in transit, in particular for items
traveling overland by road or rail.
Transport packaging is very often a local
affair and therefore needs to be
designed with local conditions and
expectations in mind.
Packaging plays a huge role in terms of
the retail success of a product, and
innovative packaging design can even
boost the brand behind a given product. It
can define and set your brand apart.
Some companies have become famous
for their innovative package design, and
were able to dominate older companies
with fresh style and strong branding.