Rotation, angular motion &

angular momentom
Rotation
Rotation

d2
d1

The ants moved different

distances: d1 is less than d2
 Rotation

q
q1 q2

Both ants moved the

Same angle: q1 = q2 (=q)

Angle is a simpler quantity than distance

for describing rotational motion
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.
distance d angle q
velocity v angular vel. w
change in d
= elapsed time
change in q
= elapsed time
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.
distance d angle q
velocity v angular vel. w
acceleration a angular accel. a
change in w
= change in v = elapsed time
elapsed time
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.
distance d angle q
velocity v angular vel. w
acceleration a angular accel. a
mass m Moment of Inertia I (= mr2)
resistance to change in the resistance to change in the
state of (linear) motion state of angular motion

moment
arm M
Moment of inertia
x = mass x (moment-arm)2
 Moment of inertial

M x M
I  Mr2
r r

I=small r = dist from axis of rotation

I=large
(same M)

easy to turn
harder to turn
Moment of inertia
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.
distance d angle q
velocity v angular vel. w
acceleration a angular accel. a
mass m moment of inertia I
Force F (=ma) torque t (=I a)

Sameforce;
Same force;
bigger
even torque
bigger torque

torque = force x moment-arm

 Teeter-Totter

His weight
produces a
larger torque
F
Forces are
the same..

but Boy’s moment-arm is larger..

F
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.
distance d angle q
velocity v angular vel. w
acceleration a angular accel. a
mass m moment of inertia I
Force F (=ma) torque t (=I a)
momentum p (=mv) angular mom. L (=I w)

Iw = Iw
Angular momentum
is conserved: L=const
 Conservation of angular
momentum

w
I

Iw Iw
High Diver

Iw

w
I

Iw
Conservation of angular
momentum

Iw Iw
Angular momentum is a vector

Right-hand rule
Conservation of angular
Girl spins:
momentum net vertical
component of L
still = 0

L has no vertical
component

No torques possible
Around vertical axis
vertical component of L= const
Turning bicycle These compensate

L
 Torque is also a vector
example:
pivot
another point
right-hand rule
F

Thumb in t is out of
t direction the screen

F wrist by
pivot point
Fingers in
F direction
Spinning wheel

t
wheel precesses
away from viewer

F
Angular vs “linear” quantities
Linear quantity symb. Angular quantity symb.
distance d angle q
velocity v angular vel. w
acceleration a angular accel. a
mass m moment of inertia I
Force F (=ma) torque t (=I a)
momentum p (=mv) angular mom. L (=I w)
kinetic energy ½ mv2 rotational k.e. ½ I w2

w
I
V KEtot = ½ mV2 + ½ Iw2
Hoop disk sphere race
Hoop disk sphere race

I
Hoop disk sphere race

KE = ½ mv2 + ½ Iw
2

KE = ½ mv2 + ½ Iw2

KE = ½ mv2 + ½ Iw2
 Hoop disk sphere race

Every sphere beats every disk

& every disk beats every hoop