ABSORPTION AND

ASSIMILATION
MADE BY: DAELIRRION
CLASS: NEWTON 5
BIOLOGY
ABSORPTION AND ASSIMILISATION
 Absorption of the product of digestion occurs in
the ileum
 The ileum functions to complete the process of
digestion and absorbs the products of digestion.
 The adaptative characteristics of the small
intestine ( ileum ) which increase the surface
area for raising the arte of absorption are as
follows.
 The ileum is made up of the long structures.
 It has an inner wall with folded surfaces.

 It has many fine projections known as villi.

 Each villus is covered by a layer of cells which

have fine projections which are name microvilli.
 Each villus contains a network of blood
capillaries.
 The epithelial layer is thin and this makes it easy
for digested food to be absorbed through it.
ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE AND
THE COLON

 Nutrients which are broken down in the

epithelial cells of the villi.
 After that, nutrients will be absorbed into the
villi and then into the lacteals or blood
capillaries.
TRANSPORT OF DIGESTED FOOD IN THE
BODY.
 Epithelial cells  Glucose, amino acids, fatty
of villus acids , glycerol and mineral
salts are absorbed by
active transport.
 Water soluble vitamins are
absorbed but fat-soluble
vitamins are transported
by droplets of fat.
 Fatty acids and glycerol
recombine to become
droplets of fat in the
epithelial cells.
 Blood capillaries  Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids,
glycerol mineral salts and water-
soluble vitamins ( B and C ）which
are absorb by the epithelial
cells enter the blood
circulatory system through
the blood capillaries.
 All the blood capillaries in
the intestines combine to
form a vein ( the hepatic
portal vein ).
 The hepatic portal vein
transports the products of
digestion ( which are simple
substances ) to the liver.
 Lacteals  Droplets of fat from the
epithelial cells diffuse into the
lacteals.
 Fat-soluble vitamins ( A,D,E,K )
diffuse into the lacteals.
 These nutrients are transported
into the lymphatic system
through the large lymphatic
vessel ( thoracic duct ) .
 The thoracic duct drains
substances into the left
subclavian vein. With that, the
fatty acids and glycerol will be
returned into the blood
circulatory system.
THE ROLES OF LIVER.
 Storage of  Excess glucose is changed
food into fat and stored in other
parts of the body.
 Stores vitamins A and D.

 Stores iron from haemoglobin

of red blood cells which are
then removed through the
urine.
 Processing of  Excess glucose is changed
the products of into glycogen by the
digestion. hormone insulin which is
secreted by pancreas.
 Glycogen is stored in the
liver. Part of it is stored in
the muscles.
 Deamination  Deamination is the
conversion of amino acids
into glycogen.
 Excess amino acids
cannot be stored because
they are toxic.
 Detoxification  The liver converts toxic
substances from bacteria
and also from drugs into
non-toxic forms which are
then removed through urine.
 Produces bile  The liver produces bile
which is stored in the gll
bladder.
ASSIMILATION

 From the liver, small food molecules which are

products of digestion are distributed throughout
the body by the blood system.
 Assimilation is the process of rebuilding complex
substances from simple substances, especially
the products of digestion.
 Assimilation begins in the liver.

 The liver receives the products of digestion from

the ileum through the hepatic portal vein
through the hepatic portal vein for the purpose of
processing and storage.
 Excess glucose in the blood is converted into
glycogen and stored in the blood is low, the liver
will convert glycogen back into glucose back into
glucose which is released into the blood.
 Excess fat is stored below the skin and around
organs such as the kidneys and heart in the form
of adipose tissues.
 Excess amino acids will be returned to the liver
and destroyed in liver.
 Fat-soluble vitamins and mineral salts such as
iron , copper and potassium are stored in liver.
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