Energy Audit Instrumentation

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 Measuring Instruments

Temperature Pressure Flow Meters Electricity Flue Gas Analyzers

LIG Thermo. Manometers Orifice Plates kWh Meter Orsat / Fyrite

Bimetallic Pitot Tubes KW Meter

Bourdon Tube
Thermocouples Turbine & Fan P.F. Meter
Meters Combustion
Electro-Mech.
Meters
Analyzer
Pyrometers Ultrasonic Power Analyzer

IR Camera
 Tools for the Audit
• To obtain the best information for a successful
energy cost control program, the auditor must make
some measurements during the audit visit.

• The equipment needed depends on the type of

energy-consuming equipment used at the facility,
and on the potential EMOs.

• For example, for a waste heat recovery EMO, the

auditor must take substantial temperature
measurement data from potential heat sources.

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 Energy Audit Instrumentation
1. Electrical System Performance
Power analyzer
Voltmeter - voltage
Ammeter - current
Wattmeter - real power
Cosine Phi Meter – power factor
Light meter - light levels
Harmonic analyzer

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 Single Phase Power
Meter
Three Phase Power Meter

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 Solid Core Current Transformer
Split Core Current Transformer

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Current Logger Power Transducer

Light TOU Logger

Occupancy Logger

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2. Temperature Measurements

Thermometer

Surface Pyrometer

Portable Electronic Thermometer

Thermocouple Probe

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3. Combustion Measurements

Orsat, Fyrite Analyzers

Combustion Analyzers

– O2, CO, CO2, temperature

– Sometimes NOx

– No particulates

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4. Air Velocity

Anemometer - deflecting vane

Anemometer - rotating vane

Pitot Tube

Heated thermocouple

Hot Wire Anemometer

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5. Pressure Measurement

Manometer

Draft Gauge

Bourdon Gauge

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6. Humidity Measurement

Psychrometer

Electrical Conductivity

Hair Hygrometer

Hand-held units

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7. Infrared Measuring Equipment

The real temperature of an object can be found

by measuring its emitted radiation.

Infrared Camera System

Infrared Thermometer

Hand-held Units

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8. Compressed Air Leak detectors
Ultrasonic leak detectors
– Tunable ultrasonic receivers

9. Steam Leak Detectors

Ultrasonic leak detectors
– Use for steam traps

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 Ultrasonic Flow Meter Combustion Gas Analyzer

Electronic Manometer

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 Safety Considerations
• Safety - a critical part of any audit.

• All auditors should have a basic knowledge of safety

equipment and procedures.

• Before touring a facility, auditors should be

thoroughly briefed on any specialized safety
equipment and procedures for the facility.

• Auditors should never place themselves in a position

where they could injure themselves or other people
at the facility.

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 Safety Equipment
Safety equipment - a vital precaution for any energy
auditor.

• Safety glasses - generally a necessity

• Hearing protectors - needed in noisy facilities or in

areas where high horsepower motors are used to
drive fans and pumps

• Steel-toe and steel-shank safety shoes - needed in

facilities where heavy, hot, sharp or hazardous
materials are being used.

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 CEM Exam Review Questions
1. Either the Pitot Tube or the Bourdon Gauge can be used to measure
air velocity.
A. True B. False

2. Position of a thermocouple probe has little effect on temperature

readings.
A. True B. False

3. The real temperature of an object can be found from its emitted

radiation.

A. True B. False

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 CEM Exam Review Questions
4 Which instrument is used to measure relative humidity ?
A. Psychrometer B. Pyrometer
C. Electronic thermometer

5. What would be used to find the quantity of electric current in an AC

circuit ?
A. Ohmmeter B. Ammeter
C. Wattmeter D. All the above

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