BIOMETRICS

SHALIN SHARMA
ROLL NO.2376
 WHY BIOMETRICS?

 Nowdays Identity checking is

mainly performed in two ways
• Something one posseses- a
“token” (eg credit card or
passport). However it can be lost
or stolen.
• Something one knows, like a pin
or password. But it can be
cracked , lost or even stolen.
 Identity theft
 WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?

• Biometrics comprises methods for

uniquely recognizing humans based
upon one or more intrinsic physical or
behavioural traits.
• Generally, the study of measurable
biological characteristics.
• Biometrics can help solve most of the ID
problems mentioned.
 BIOMETRICS CHARACTERISTICS
Biometric characteristics can be divided in two main classes.
• Physiological are related to the shape of the body. Examples
include, fingerprint, face recognition, DNA, Palm print, hand
geometry, iris recognition, which has largely replaced retina,
and odour/scent.

• Behavioural are related to the behaviour of a person.

Examples include, typing rhythm, gait and voice. There are
often termed as behaviometrics.
BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS
• Fingerprints and Palmprints
Most powerful and widely used biometric technology in
forensics.
• Facial recognition
Identifies people by the sections of the face that are less
susceptible to alteration, e.g. the upper outlines of the eye
sockets, the areas around the cheekbones
• Iris recognition
Uses a high-quality camera to capture a black-and-white,
high-resolution image of the iris.
• Voice recognition
Focuses on differences resulting from the shape of vocal
tracts and learned speaking habits.
• Hand geometry
The capture of measurements encompassing the width,
height and length of the fingers, distances between joints
and shapes of the knuckles.
• Signature recognition
Analyses a series of movements that contain unique
biometric data such as personal rhythm, acceleration
and pressure flow.
• Keystroke recognition
Assesses the user’s typing style, including how long
each key is depressed, time between key strokes and
typical typing errors.
• Gait recognition
Captures a sequence of images for analysis of how an
individual walks.
 PARAMETERS FOR BIOMETRICS

• Universality – each person should have the

characteristic.
• Uniqueness – is how well the biometric separates
individuals from another.
• Permanence – measures how well a biometric resists
aging and other variance over time.
• Collectability – ease of acquisition for measurement.
• Performance – accuracy, speed, and robustness of
technology used.
• Acceptability – degree of approval of a technology.
• Circumvention – ease of use of a substitute
 MODES OF BIOMETRICS
A biometric system can operate in the following two
modes

• Verification – A one to one comparison of a

captured biometric with a stored template to verify
that the individual is who he claims to be.

• Identification – A one to many comparison of the

captured biometric against a biometric database in
attempt to identify an unknown individual.
BIOMETRICS SYSTEM
 PERFORMANCE SYSYTEM
• False accept rate or False match rate (FAR or FMR) – It
measures the percent of invalid inputs which are incorrectly
accepted.
• False reject rate or False non-match rate (FRR or FNMR) – It
measures the percent of valid inputs which are incorrectly rejected.
• Relative operating characteristic (ROC) – The ROC plot is a
visual characterization of the trade-off between the FAR and the
FRR.
• Failure to enrol rate (FTE or FER) – The rate at which attempts to
create a template from an input is unsuccessful.
• Failure to capture rate (FTC) –The probability that the system fails
to detect a biometric input when presented correctly.
• Template capacity – the maximum number of sets of data which
can be stored in the system..
 APPLICATIONS OF BIOMETRICS
• PHYSICAL ACCESS CONTROL
Identity authentication by scanning a person's unique physical
characteristics.
• LOGIC ACCESS CONTROL
Electronic access controls whose purpose is to limit access to
data files and computer programs to individuals with the
genuine authority to access such information.
• JUSTICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
Include Prison administration and bookings, crime scene
identification and national identity programs.
• TIME AND ATTENDANCE
To keep track of attendance and time spent by
individuals the business sector, law enforcement and
government sector
• FINANCIAL AND TRANSACTIONAL
Integrated with banks, ATM machines, at retail locations
to be used with credit cards and ATM card.
• CONSUMER/RESIDENTIAL
With residential property, a consumer can protected their
home through biometric locks.
• AIRPORTS
Use of Biometric as a means of ensuring Airport security
is fairly new. To date, only few Airports have
implemented Biometric security.
ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRICS
• Increased security- more secure than a long
password.
• No need to remember passwords or carry tokens.
• Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten.
• Make it possible, automatically, to know WHO did
WHAT, WHERE and WHEN!
• Uniqueness
 DISADVANTAGES OF
BIOMETRICS
• Dangers to owners of secured items.
• It is found that with age, the voice of a person differs.
• Physiological changes of face due to growth and
aging.
• In case of voice recognition
 Tape recordings may be used
 Identical twins sound alike
• For people affected with diabetes, the eyes get
affected resulting in differences
INDIA AND BIOMETRICS
• UID launched with a brand name Aadhaar.
• Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique number which will be issued
for all residents.
• The number will be stored in a centralised database and
linked to the basic demographics and biometric
information – photograph, ten fingerprints and iris – of
each individual.
• Biggest implementation of the Biometrics in the world.
• P Chidambaram, described the process as "the biggest
exercise... since humankind came into existence".
 UID-MULTIPURPOSE
• Bank Account opening, No need to file any paper just
swipe your and guarantor’s card.
• Local kiryana stores to provide banking services.
• In NREGA the contractor will file your card code in his register
and you will get your payment in bank account.
• Just fill only your UID card no. in Online Tax returns; it will
automatically deduct your tax after rebate.
• Card holder can cast his/ her vote any where in India through
ATM or any information kiyosk with the help of this card.
• No one can buy or sell property without UID card.
• Through this card govt. will deduct Electricity bill, Water bill,
house tax or other bills itself. No need to go anywhere to submit
your bill.
Thank You for your attention

Any Questions??