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MASS NUMBER,
and ISOTOPES
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
atomic number (z) = number of protons in nucleus
mass number (a) = number of protons + number of neutrons
= atomic number (z) + number of neutrons
mass number
A element symbol
atomic number
Z
Atomic Mass
Element e- p+ n0
Number(Z) Number
Al 13 14
Br 35 80
Cu 64 29
N 7 7
I 53 127
Na 47 61
Ca 20 20
Zn 65 35
B 5 11
K 36 84
Atomic Mass
Element e- p+ n0
Number(Z) Number
Al 13 27 13 13 14
Br 35 80 35 35 45
Cu 29 64 29 29 35
N 7 14 7 7 7
I 53 127 53 53 74
Na 11 23 11 11 12
Ca 20 40 20 20 20
Zn 30 65 30 30 35
B 5 11 5 5 6
K 36 84 36 36 48
ISOTOPES are atoms of the same
element (x) with different numbers
of neutrons in their nuclei
1
1H 2
1H 3
1H
Deuterium
Hydrogen Tritium
U U
235 238
92 92
MOLECULES &
IONS
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
MOLECULES
a molecule is an aggregate of two or more
atoms in a definite arrangement held
together by chemical forces.
H 2O H2 O
C6H12O6 CH2O
O3 O
N2H4 NH2
SPACE-FILLING MODEL
shows a 3-dimensional arrangement of
atoms using truncated balls held together
by snap fasteners, the bonds are not
visible.
BALL AND STICK MODEL
shows a 3-dimensional arrangement of
atoms using a ball(elements or atoms)
attached and interconnected by sticks
angled and represents bonds.
IONIC COMPOUNDS
ionic compounds consist of a
combination of cations and anions.
• The formula is usually the same as the empirical
formula.
• The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and
anion(s) in each formula unit must equal zero.
SODIUM CHLORIDE(NaCl)
the most reactive metals (green) and the most
reactive nonmetals (blue) combine to form ionic
compounds.
Al3+ O 2-
Al2O3
2(+3)=6 3(-2)=-6
Ca 2+ Br-
CaBr2
1(+2)=2 2(-1)=-2
Na + CO3 2-
Na2CO3
2(+1)=2 1(-2)=-2
Mg2+ N3-
Mg2+ N3-
MgxNy
(+2)x + (−3)y = 0
Mg2+ N3-
Mg3N2
3(+2)=6 2(-3)=-6
CHEMICAL
NOMENCLATURE
JOHN LLOYD J. GECOLE & SHEIRA MAE L. JOSEPH
NAMING
IONIC COMPOUNDS
• Often a metal + nonmetal
• Anion (nonmetal), add “-ide” to element name
HC hydrogen chloride
HBr hydrogen bromide
SiC silicon carbride
EXAMPLES OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
SO3 sulfur trioxide
N 4 O2 tetranitrogen dioxide
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
EXAMPLES OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
HI hydrogen iodide
NF3 nitrogen trifluoride
SO2 sulfur dioxide
N2Cl4 dinitrogen tetrachloride
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
NAME THE FOLLOWING
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
(a)SiCl4
(b)P4O10
WRITE THE FORMULA OF
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
(a)carbon disulfide