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Teaching Listening
Outline
I. What is listening?
II. Listening skills & strategies
III. Principles for teaching listening
IV. Develop a listening activity
V. Classroom language
VI. References
I. What is listening?
According to Clark & Clark (1977), the following happens when we listen:
Hearer processes the “raw speech” (the actual phrases, clauses, etc.)
Hearer determines the type of speech (conversation, speech, etc.)
Hearer infers the objectives of the speaker (to persuade, request, etc.)
Hearer recalls schemata (own background knowledge)
Hearer assigns literal meaning to utterance
Hearer assigns intended meaning to utterance
Hearer determines whether information should be retained in short-
term or long-term memory
Hearer deletes the form in which the message was received
Simply put, there are many processes
interacting with the actually sounds received
by a listener.
Examples:
Students listen to a pair of words and circle if the words are same or different.
Students match a word they hear with its picture.
Students listen to a short dialogue and fill in the blanks of a transcript.
Top-down
Examples:
Students listen to some utterances and describe the emotional reaction
they hear: happy, sad, etc.
Students listen to a sentence describing a picture and select the correct
picture.
Students listen to a conversation and choose a picture showing the
correct location of the dialogue.
IV. Develop a listening activity
When developing a listening activity, be
sure to set up the activity in three distinct
stages:
•Pre-listening
•Listening activity
•Post-listening
Pre-listening
Before the listening activity, prepare students
for the activity by
• activating schema
• connecting the activity to their
background knowledge
• getting them to predict what they will
be listening to
• introducing useful words and
concepts
Listening activity
While students are listening, be sure that they
are actively listening by