ANALYSIS OF INDETERMINATE

STRUCTURES – METHODS OF
CONSISTENT DEFORMATION
ENGR. KEVIN PAOLO V. ROBLES
 2.1 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we study a general formulation of the force (flexibility) method
called the method of consistent deformations for the analysis of statically
indeterminate structures. The method, essentially involves removing enough
restraints from the indeterminate structure to render it statically determinate. This
determinate structure, which must be statically stable, is referred to as the primary
structure. The excess restraints removed from the given indeterminate structure to
convert it into the determinate primary structure are called redundant restraints,
and the reactions or internal forces associated with these restraints are termed
redundants. The redundants are then applied as unknown loads on the primary
structure, and their values are determined by solving the compatibility equations
based on the condition that the deformations of the primary structure due to the
combined e¤ect of the redundants and the given external loading must be the same
as the deformations of the original indeterminate structure.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 GENERAL PROCEDURE
1. Choose the support reaction/s as redundants
2. Apply the redundant/s as unknown load
3. Establish compatibility equations
4. Solve for the reactions

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
w Degree of Indeterminacy, i :
where: r = number of unknowns
A B C i=r–e-c e = equilibrium equations
Ax c = conditions

Ay By Cy
i=4–3–0=1
Primary Structure By as redundant
w Statically indeterminate to the 1st degree.
A B C Note: ΔBO Denotes that the ΔBB Denotes that
deflection is caused the deflection is
Ax’
ΔBO by the original load caused by
Location of deflection redundant By
Ay’ Cy’
Both can be solved thru DIM, AMM, CBM or VWM
fBB = deflection at B due to a unit value of By
ΔBB = fBB x By
A fBB x ΔBB C Compatibility Equation
Ax’’ ∆𝑩𝑶
ΔB0 + ΔBB = 0 ΔB0 + fBB By = 0 𝑩𝒚 = −
𝒇𝑩𝑩
Ay’' 1 kN x By Cy’’
THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles
MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
Example No. 1 : Determine the reactions for the given figure below using
Superposition Method . Use E = 200 GPa and I = 210 x 106 mm4

160 kN

C
B
2.5m
5m

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
Example No. 2 : Determine the reactions for the given figure below using
Superposition Method .

1.60 kips/ft

30 ft

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
Example No. 3 : Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the two-span continuous beam shown in the figure using the method
of consistent deformations.

60kN
15 kN/m

A C
I B D
2I
10m 5m 5m

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
Example No. 4 : Draw the shear and moment diagram after determining the
reactions. Use superposition method

Internal hinge
2 kips/ft

A B C D

12’ 6’ 6’

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.3 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
For Beams with more than One (1) Redundant
w
A B C D A B C D
Ax Ax’
ΔBO ΔCO
Ay By Cy Dy Ay’ Dy’

ΔBB ΔCB
i=5–3–0=2 A B C D
Statically indeterminate to the 2nd degree. Ax’’

Ay’’ 1 kN x By Dy’’

ΔB = 0 ⟶ ΔB0 + ΔBB + ΔBC = 0

ΔBC ΔCC
A B C D
ΔC = 0 ⟶ ΔB0 + ΔBB + ΔBC = 0 Ax’’’

Ay’’’ 1 kN x Cy Dy’’’
THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robls
MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.3 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
For Beams with more than One (1) Redundant
Example No. 5 Solve for the reactions. Use superposition method

50 kN 50 kN
25 kN/m

A B C D E

5m 2.5m 2.5m 1m

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.3 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
For Beams with more than One (1) Redundant
Example No. 6 :Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the three-span continuous beam shown in the fuguredue to the
uniformly distributed load and due to the support settlements of 5/8 in. at B, 3/2
in. at C, and 3/4 in. at D. Use the method of consistent deformations.

A B C D

15 cm
18 cm
37 cm

3 spans, 6m each span

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.4 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
Example No. 7 : Determine the reactions and the force in each member of the truss
shown in the figure using the method of consistent deformations.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering
 2.2 SUPERPOSITION METHOD
• Example No. 5: Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending
moment diagrams for the frame shown in the figure by the method of consistent
deformations.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES 2| Engr. Kevin Paolo V. Robles

MAPUA UNIVERSITY – School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering