PTI Piping Training Day 1 Rev.0

Piping Design Training
Day One
2
Training Outline
PTI Piping Design Training Schedule
Time Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Introductions / Piping
8:00 - 9:00 Exchangers Compressors
Basic Components Vessel Orientation
9:00 - 10:00 Basic Pipe Supports Furnaces
Utility Stations /
Basic Piping Piperack and Offsites Towers
10:00 - 11:00 Safety Showers /
Instruments Piping
Miscellaneous Piping
11:00 - 12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch
Pipe Drafting and Piperack and Offsites
12:00 - 1:00 Towers Basic Piping Stress
Design Piping
Basic Material
1:00 - 2:00 Plant Layout Drums Reactors
Engineering
2:00 - 3:00 Break Break Break Break
3:00 - 4:00 Plant Layout Pumps Tanks Exercise
4:00 - 5:00 Exercise Exercise Exercise Close-out
3
Introductions
▸Purpose
At the end of today’s session:
Participants would be able to identify Basic Piping Components,

Supports, and Instruments
Participants will be familiar with the basic piping drafting standards
Participants will be able to perform basic plan layout

4
Basic Piping Components
▸What is the definition of a Pipe?
▸Pipe is a term used to designate a hollow, tubular body used to

transport any commodity possessing flow characteristics such as
those found in liquids, gases, vapors, liquefied solids, and fine
powders.
5
▸Steel Pipe History
▸Using the natural resources available, early humans probably

fashioned the first pipe from bamboo.
▸Needing to move larger amounts of water, they later hollowed out
logs. Egyptian and Aztec civilizations made pipe from clay.
▸The first metallic pipes were made by the Greeks and Romans
from lead and bronze.
▸Today, Some of the materials include concrete, glass, lead, brass,
copper, plastic, aluminum, cast iron, carbon steel, and steel alloys.
6
▸What is the definition of a Pipe?
▸Pipe is a term used to designate a hollow, tubular body used to

transport any commodity possessing flow characteristics such as
those found in liquids, gases, vapors, liquefied solids, and fine
powders.
▸There are four different ways to categorize pipes:

a. Material
b. Manufacturing Method
c. Size (NPS, Wall thickness)
d. Method of Joining
7
▸Pipe Manufacturing Methods
▸Seamless Pipe - is formed by piercing a solid, near-molten, steel

rod, called a billet, with a mandrel to produce a pipe that has no
seams or joints
8
▸Butt-welded Pipe - is formed by feeding hot steel plate through

shapers that will roll it into a hollow circular shape
9
▸Spiral-welded Pipe – is formed by twisting strips of metal into a

spiral shape, similar to a barber's pole, then welding where the
edges join one another to form a seam.
10
▸In Summary:
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▸In Summary:
12
▸In Summary:
13
▸In Summary:
14
▸Sizing of Pipe
▸Just as manufacturing methods differ, there are also different

ways to categorize the size of a pipe. Pipe is identified by three
different size categories: nominal pipe size, outside diameter, and
inside diameter
15
▸Wall Thickness
16
▸Sizing of Pipe
▸NPS - Nominal Pipe Size

▸DN – Diametre Nominal
17
▸Method of Joining
▸Butt-weld Connections - made by welding the beveled ends of pipe

together. Beveled ends (BE) indicate that the ends of the pipe are
not cut square, but rather are cut or ground to have a tapered edge.
18
▸Screwed or Threaded Connections - Typically used on pipe 3" and

smaller, threaded connections are generally referred to as screwed
pipe. With tapered grooves cut into the ends of a run of pipe,
screwed pipe and screwed fittings can easily be assembled without
welding or other permanent means of attachment.
19
▸American Standard and API Thread Engagement

20
▸Socket-Weld Connections - the pipe is inserted into the fitting

before welding, unlike a butt-weld connection that has the pipe and
fitting placed end-to-end. Inside the socket-weld fitting is a collar
that prevents the pipe from being inserted too deeply into the fitting
21
▸Forged Steel Socket Weld Fittings

22
▸Fittings
▸Fittings are fabricated pieces of pipe that are used to connections.

These specifications, or specs, as they are make changes of
direction (elbow), branch from a main more commonly called, may
also require pipe smaller pipe (tee), or make a reduction in line size
(reducer)
23
24
25
26
27
28
▸Elbows
▸Of all the fittings, the elbow is the one most often used. Simply
put, the elbow, or ell, is used when a pipe changes direction.
▸ 2 Types of Elbows
90 Deg Ell
45 Deg Ell
29
▸ 90 Deg Elbows
▸Turns at a 90 degrees
▸Ninety degree ells can be classified as one of the following:

long-radius ell
short-radius ell
mitered ell
reducing ell
30
▸ Long Radius 90 Deg Elbows
31
▸ Short Radius 90 Deg Elbows
32
▸ Mitred 90 Deg Elbows
33
▸45 Deg Elbows
▸The obvious difference between the 90° and 45° elbows is the
angle formed by the turn
34
▸Branch Fittings
▸Fittings used for header to branch connections
▸Types:
Welded Tees
Stub-on
O lets
35
▸Weld Tees
▸It is a three-way fitting used to make perpendicular connections to

a pipe
▸2 Types of Welded Tees

Straight Tee
Reducing Tee
36
▸Stub-On
▸The stub-in is not an actual fitting but rather a description of how

the branch connection is created
37
▸Stub-On Reinforcements
▸Reinforcing pad
▸Is a ring cut from steel plate that has a hole in the center equal to
the diameter of the branch connection. It is slipped on to the branch
pipe then welded to both branch and header.
38
39
▸Stub-On Reinforcements
▸Welding Saddle
▸The welding saddle has a short neck designed to give additional

support to the branch
40
▸O lets
▸O-lets have one end shaped to the contour of the header and the
other end manufactured to accept the type of end connections
being used on the branch.
▸Types:
Weldolet
Sockolet
Threadolet
Latrolet
Elbolet
41
▸O lets
▸Weldolet – butt-weld fittings

42
▸O lets
▸Sockolet – socket weld fittings

43
▸O lets
▸Threadolet – screwed fittings

44
▸O lets
▸Latrolet – Used when branch off is at an angle from the header

45
▸O lets
▸Elbolet – Used when branch off is at an elbow fitting

46
▸Reducers
▸Used when there is a requirement to reduce the diameter of a

straight run of pipe
▸Types:
Concentric
Eccentric
47
▸Reducers
▸Concentric - having a common centerline

48
▸Reducers
▸Eccentric - having offset centerlines.

49
▸Miscellaneous Fittings
▸Coupling
Union
Cap
Plug
Nipple
▸Coupling - its primary use is to connect lengths of screwed and

socket-weld pipe together.
▸Union - fitting placed within a piping configuration that will allow

the assembly to be disassembled for inspection, repair, or
replacement.
52
▸Cap – It is used to seal an open end of pipe.

53
▸Plug - The plug, like a cap, is designed to close off the end of a run
of pipe.
54
▸Nipple – facilitate the assembly of screwed and socket-weld

fittings, small lengths of pipe called pipe nipples are used between
fittings. (PE, TBE, TOE, MTBE)
55
▸Flanges
▸The flange is a ring-shaped device designed to be used as an

alternative to welding or threading various piping system
components used throughout the piping system.
▸Categorized into Rating, Face, and Type
▸Rating are 150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#, 1500#, and 2500#.
▸Face are flat face, raised face, ring type joint

56
▸Flat face flange
57
▸Raised face flange
58
▸Ring Joint face flange
59
▸Flange
▸Types:
Weld Neck
Slip-On
Threaded
Lap-Joint
Reducing
Blind
Orifice
60
▸Weld Neck Flange – the weld neck flange is the best-designed butt
weld flange available because of its inherent structural value and
ease of assembly.
61
▸Slip-on Flange – Has a low hub that allows the pipe to be inserted
into the flange prior to welding
62
▸Threaded Flange – similar to the slip-on flange, but the bore is
threaded
63
▸Lap-joint Flange – Attachment of the lap-joint flange to the piping
system requires a lap-joint stub end.
64
▸Reducing Flange – is used to make a reduction in the diameter of
the pipe.
65
▸Blind Flange – serves a function similar to that of a plug or cap. It
is used to terminate the end of a piping system.
66
▸Orifice Flange – the function of the orifice flange is to measure the
rate of the flow of the commodity through the piping system
67
▸Bolts – holds mating flanges, nozzles, or valves together
68
▸Gasket – Creates a leak-proof seal between two mating flanges
69
▸Spectacle Blind / Spacer – are similar to a blind flange but
different because they fit between two flanges.
70
▸Valves
▸Is a device that controls the flow of a fluid.
▸Common Types of Valves

Gate Valve
Ball Valve
Globe Valve
Butterfly Valve
Check Valve
Relief Valve
Needle Valve
71
▸Gate Valve
▸most common type of valve in the industry
▸Opens by lifting a gate out of the route of the fluid
▸Main purpose is a “shut-off valve” meaning it is either fully open
or close
72
▸Gate Valve
73
▸Ball Valve
▸Uses a ball with a hole in it instead of a wedge shaped plug, and
the rotating ball opens or closes the flow
▸Ball valves for manual control are therefore best suited for
stopping and starting flow and moderate throttling
74
▸Ball Valve
75
▸Globe Valve
▸Closing down valves in which the closure member is moved
squarely on and off the seat. It is customary to refer to the closure
member as a disc, irrespective of its shape
▸Globe valves are used for regulating flow in a pipeline instead of
the “all or nothing” function of a gate valve
76
▸Globe Valve
77
▸Butterfly Valve
▸Also designed to regulate flow but with limited control capability
▸Has not generally been thought to give a positive shut-off
78
▸Check Valve
▸Also called Non Return Valves (NRV)
▸Permit fluid in one direction only
▸Purpose is to prevent backflow
▸Types are Lift (Ball type and Piston type), Swing, Diaphragm
79
▸Check Valve
80
▸Relief Valve
▸Also known as safety valve is an industrial valve and fitting
installed to set a limit on the amount of pressure in a system.
▸This type of angle supply valve is strictly for preventing over-
pressure that could cause damage to the system
81
▸Relief Valve
82
▸Needle Valve
▸Essentially a variation of the globe valve used for very fine control
of flow
▸Needle valve contain a slender tapered plug as opposed to the
globe valves larger and less accurate disc
83
Plant Layout
▸Relationship of Units, Location of Equipment, and Routing of Pipes
shall be based on:
▸Economics
▸Safety
▸Maintenance
▸Operation
▸Construction
84
THANK YOU!

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Piping Design Training

Participants would be able to identify Basic Piping Components,

Participants will be familiar with the basic piping drafting standards

Participants will be able to perform basic plan layout

▸Pipe is a term used to designate a hollow, tubular body used to

▸Using the natural resources available, early humans probably

▸Pipe is a term used to designate a hollow, tubular body used to

▸There are four different ways to categorize pipes:

▸Seamless Pipe - is formed by piercing a solid, near-molten, steel

▸Butt-welded Pipe - is formed by feeding hot steel plate through

▸Spiral-welded Pipe – is formed by twisting strips of metal into a

▸Just as manufacturing methods differ, there are also different

▸NPS - Nominal Pipe Size

▸Butt-weld Connections - made by welding the beveled ends of pipe

▸Screwed or Threaded Connections - Typically used on pipe 3" and

▸American Standard and API Thread Engagement

▸Socket-Weld Connections - the pipe is inserted into the fitting

▸Forged Steel Socket Weld Fittings

▸Fittings are fabricated pieces of pipe that are used to connections.

▸Ninety degree ells can be classified as one of the following:

▸Fittings used for header to branch connections

▸It is a three-way fitting used to make perpendicular connections to

▸2 Types of Welded Tees

▸The stub-in is not an actual fitting but rather a description of how

▸The welding saddle has a short neck designed to give additional

▸Weldolet – butt-weld fittings

▸Sockolet – socket weld fittings

▸Threadolet – screwed fittings

▸Latrolet – Used when branch off is at an angle from the header

▸Elbolet – Used when branch off is at an elbow fitting

▸Used when there is a requirement to reduce the diameter of a

▸Concentric - having a common centerline

▸Eccentric - having offset centerlines.

▸Coupling - its primary use is to connect lengths of screwed and

▸Union - fitting placed within a piping configuration that will allow

▸Cap – It is used to seal an open end of pipe.

▸Nipple – facilitate the assembly of screwed and socket-weld

▸The flange is a ring-shaped device designed to be used as an

▸Categorized into Rating, Face, and Type

▸Face are flat face, raised face, ring type joint

▸Is a device that controls the flow of a fluid.

▸Common Types of Valves

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