SOCIALISATION

Meaning:
 Infant- Biological organism with animal needs
 Gradually moulded into social being
 Process of moulding- Socialisation
DEFINITION :
Ogburn- “Socialisation”- process to learn norms- To conform to norms
 PHASES OF SOCIALISATION
1. Primary Socialization
 In infancy,childhood
 Three sub-stages
i) Oral stage- Feeding time
ii) Anal stage- Toilet training
iii) Oedinal stage- Identifies with social roles
2. Secondary Socialization
 Latter stage of childhood
 It is continuous process
3. Anticipatory Socialisation
 Learning future roles
 Watching others, how they behave
4. Development Socialization
 When one grows, he changes and moulds
 Identifies with society, values, norms
5. Re-Socialization
 Learns new ways of thinking,feeling
 Where one converts into another religion
 Re-socialisation occurs
 ELEMENTS OF SOCIALISATION
1. Physical and psychological heritage of individual
 Inborn physical and mental capacities
 If defective- cannot socialise himself
2. Environment in which he lives
 Environment influences socialisation
 Good school, social equality,proper environment
3. The culture of the group
 Culture of his group influence
 Early or slow socialisation
4. Experience of the individual
 Experience of individual
 Influence socialisation process
 FACTORS OF THE PROCESS OF
SOCIALISATION
1. Imitation
 Children imitate others
 Language acquired by imitation
2. Suggestion
 Process of communicaing information
 Suggestion influences behaviour
3. Identification
 Through identification,he becomes sociable
4. Language
 By language- one learns folkways,mores
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
SOCIALISATION,SOCIALITY,SOCIALISM

socialisation- inducing individual into social world

Sociality- a quality
Socialism- a theory-mass of production controlled by state
NEED OR IMPORTANCE OR VALUE OF SOCIALISATION
 Individual learns folkways ,mores
 Self of individual develops
 It teaches culture
CHIEF AGENCIES OF SOCIALISATION
1. FAMILY
 Child initiated
 Learns toilet training
 Learns language
 Teaches norms,regulation
2. THE SCHOOL
 For socialising children
 To obey rules, regulations
 THE PEER GROUP OR FRIENDS,PLAYGROUP OR
NEIGHBOURHOOD

Play mates,friends-same social position

1. Religion (The church)
 To mould beliefs,ways of life
 To learn religions practises
2. The state
 It makes laws for people
 Lays down modes of conduct
 Punishments for violation of laws
3. Mass media
 Radio,t.v.,influence entire society
 THEORIES OF SOCIALISATION

 Development of self-soul of socialsation

 What he precieves himself
1. Theories of socialsation
 Development of self –soul of socialisation
 What he percieves himself
2. cooley’s theory(theory of looking glass self)
 Our perception of how we look to others
 How others evaluate our behaviour
3. Theory of durkheim( collective representation theory)
 Beliefs,ideas,feelings,concepts shared by all members
 Durkheim called it collective conciousness
 Socialisation influenced by collective representation
4. Head’s theory(self-conciousness theory)
 Me formed by socialisation
 Me- internalised socialisation
 I- unsocialised side of self
 Development of self-both “I” and me
 Role taking process
FRAUD
 Id,ego,super ego
 ID- institutional, unsocialised
EGO
 It acts with reason
 It discovers what is right, what is wrong
 Action of individual guided by ego
SUPER EGO
 It represents ideals,norms
 Moral aspect of personality
 It controls both id and ego
 When conflict between the two it supports ego
 Id- biological
 Ego- psychological
 Super ego- social factors
 If id is strong
 Ego weak
 One becomes delinquent