Financial Accounting 1

Accounting Cycle
Journal Examples from Handout
Ledger Accounts
Title of Account
• Debit Credit
• Date Particulars Rs. Date Particulars Rs.
To Op Bal By------------
• b/d By Closing
• Bal c/f
• Individual Journal entries are posted
into Ledger Accounts
• Also known as T Account
• Closing balances of ledger accounts
are transferred to the Trial Balance


•
Prepare journal entries and post to
the appropriate Ledger Accounts
1.Started business with cash Rs.
100,000
2.Deposited in the bank Rs. 50,000
3.Bought goods for cash Rs. 15000
from Ashok
4.Salary paid to Ashish Rs. 5000
5.Sold good to Amar Rs. 18,000 on
Credit
6.Received commission from Anil Rs
6000
Prepare journal Entries in the
books of Anand
7.Received on from Amar Rs. 12,000
8.Purchased Machinery from Ahmed
and co. for Rs. 30,000 on credit
9.Office Rent of Rs. 7500 paid to
Landlord Arjun.
10.Defective goods valued at Rs. 3000
received from Amar
11.Returned goods to Ashok Rs. 2000
12.Withdrew Rs. 5000 from the bank
for personal use.
•
Journal Entries in the books of
Anand
Debit Credit
(Rs.) (Rs.)
1 Cash A/c 100,000
To Capital Account 100,000
(Being business commenced with Cash)
2 Bank A/c 50,000
To Cash Account 50,000
(Being Cash deposited in Bank)
3 Purchases A/c 15,000
To Cash Account 15,000
(Being goods purchased for cash)
4 Salary A/c 5,000
To Cash a/c 5000
(Being salary paid to Ashish)
Journal entries Continued…
Debit Credit
5 Amar A/c (Rs.)
15,000 (Rs.)
To Sales A/c 15,000
(Being goods sold to Amar on
6 Credit)
Cash A/c 6,000
To Commission a/c 6,000
(Being commission recd from
7 Anil)
Sales Returns A/c 3,000
To Amar 3,000
(Being defective goods returned
8 by Amar)
Cash A/c 12,000
To Amar 12,000
(Being cash received from
Amar)
Journal Entries cont…
Debit Credit
9 Machinery A/C (Rs.)
30,000 (Rs.)
To Ahmed and Co. A/c 30,000
(Being Machinery purchased on
10 Cr)
Rent A/c 7500
To Cash 7500
(Being office rent paid to Arjun)
11 Ashok A/c 2000
To Purchase Returns 2000
(Being goods returned to
12 Ashok)
Drawings A/c 5000
To Bank A/c 5000
(Being cash withdrawn for
personal use)
Ledger Accounts
Dr Capital Account Cr
To Balance c/f 100,000 1 By Cash 100,000
100,000 100,000

Dr Cash Account Cr
1 To Capital A/c 100,000 2 By Bank A/c 50,000
6 To Commission 6,000 3 By Purchases A/c 15,000
8 To Amar A/c 12,000 4 By Salary A/c 5,000
10 By Rent 7,500
By Balance C/f 40,500
118,000 118,000
Ledger Accounts

Dr Bank Account Cr
2 To Cash A/c 50,000 12 By Drawings 5,000
By Balance C/f 45,000
50,000 50,000

Dr Purchases Account Cr
3 To Cash A/c 15,000 By Bal C/f 15000
15000 15,000

Salary Account
4 To Cash A/c 5,000 By Bal c/f 5,000
5,000 5000
Ledger Account
Amar Account
5 To Sales A/c 15,000 7 By Sales Return 3,000
A/c
8 By Cash 12,000
15,000 15,000

Dr Sales Account Cr
To Bal c/f 15,000 5 By Amar A/c 15,000
15,000 15,000

Dr Commission Account Cr
To Bal c/f 6,000 6 By Cash 6000
6,000 6,000
Ledger Accounts cont.

Dr Sales Return Account Cr

7 To Amar A/c 3000 By Bal C/f 3000

3000 3000

Dr Ahmed and Co. Account Cr

To Bal C/f 30,000 9 By Machinery 30,000
A/c
30,000 30,000

Dr Machinery Account Cr
9 To Ahmed & Co. 30,000 By Bal c/f 30,000

30,000 30,000
Ledger Accounts cont….
Dr Rent Account Cr
10 To Cash 7,500 By Bal c/f 7,500

7,500 7,500

Dr Purchase Return Account Cr

To Bal c/f 2,000 11 By Ashok 2,000

2,000 2,000

Dr Ashok Account Cr
11 To Purchase 2,000 By Bal c/f 2,000
Returns

2000 2000
Ledger Accounts Cont…
Dr Drawings Account Cr
12 To Bank 5,000 By Bal c/f 5000

5000 5000
Trial Balance
Account Debit (Rs.) Credit (Rs.)
Capital Account 100,000
Cash Account 40,500
Bank Account 45,000
Purchase Account 15,000
Salary Account 5,000
Sales 15000
Commission 6000
Sales Return 3000
Ahmed & Co 30,000
Machinery 30,000
Rent 7,500
Purchase Returns 2000
Ashok 2000
Drawings 5000
Total 1,53,000 1,53,000
Derive the Accounting Equation

• You take a loan from your parents of Rs. 100,00 and buy a
motor cycle for Rs. 80,000
•
• You start a supermarket Chain
– You receive equity investments of Rs. 100,000
– A loan of Rs 50,000 from the Bank
– Goods worth Rs. 80,000 were bought for the
Business


1.In Accounting terminology what does the

business own and owe
2.
3.Show this as a Balancing Equation using
Terms Assets, Liabilities, Equity
–
Accounting Equation:
Like a see-saw, these must balance in a double-entry accounting system.

Credit Balance Debit Balance

Retained Earnings
Equity Capital
Liabilities

Assets
+ + =

Business OWES Business Owns

Real Accounts Dr what comes in, Cr what goes out
E.g. Furniture, Cash, Stock etc.
Personal Accounts Dr Receiver, Cr Giver
E.g. – Debtors, Creditors, Bank Accounts, etc.
Nominal Accounts Dr Expense, Cr Gain/Income
E.g. – Electricity, Rent, Sales, Interest, etc.