GROUP HISTOGRAM

*THANESHWARAN
*THANJAIVAANAN
*YASHODHAAN
*THURGA
 HUMAN ACTIVITIES THAT ENDANGER
AN ECOSYSTEM

*Human depend on Earth’s ecosystems for food, shelter,

essential goods and services.
*The overuse and misuse of resources can alter the functioning
of ecosystems and the services they provide.
*Indirect and unintended negative effect on the ecosystems and
can lead to global changes.
*Types of activities that threaten the ecosystem:
- Deforestation
- Hunting for animals
*Causes of activities that threaten the ecosystem:
- Flash Flood
- Landslide
- Soil Erosion
- Pollution
Types of activities that
threaten the ecosystem
 FLASH FLOODING
*Rapid flooding of low-lying areas, rivers and creeks.
*It is caused by the intense rainfall associated with a storm.
*It occurs when the ground under a storm becomes saturated
with H2O so quickly that it cannot be absorbed.
*The runoff collects in low lying areas and flows rapidly
downhill.
*As a result, anything in its path is suddenly rising water
*These most often occur in dry areas that have recently.
received precipitation, but the flash flood can flow for a long
distance as long as there is a path downhill.
Examples of Flash Flood
 landslide
*The downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials
composed of rocks, soils or artificial fills under the influence of
gravitational and other forces
*Examples of natural Castro trophic factors:
-Volcanic eruptions
-Heavy rains
-Sudden snowmelt
*Examples of human activities that can cause landslides:
-Man-made excavations
-Blasting
-Deforestation
Examples of Landslide
 Soil erosion
*Humans have greatly increased the rate of soil erosion by
removing natural vegetation to clear land.
*For examples construction projects, mining operations, or
farmland.
*Rain water, wind, and other natural forces gradually wear away
the soil.
*This process is called erosion and it normally occurs very
slowly but it has accelerated because of numerous humans’
activities.
*This is a problem because erosion washes the fertile layer of
soil.
Examples of Soil Erosion
 pollution
*Harmful change in the natural environment.
*Releases substances which are toxic to animals or plants.
*Releases energy. For examples:
-Heat
-Light
-Radiation
*Types of pollution include:
-Oils spills
-The overuse of pesticides
-Improper disposal of solid wastes
-Automobile exhaust emissions
 Air pollution
*Any substances that degrades the quality of air.
*Anthropogenic pollution contains many synthetic substances.
*Primary Pollutants-emitted into the atmosphere that have a
direct effect of air quality.
*Secondary Pollutants-the product of primary pollutants
reacting together in the atmosphere.
*Most important of primary pollutants:
-Carbon dioxide -Hydrocarbons
-Carbon monoxide -Hydrocarbons(VOC)
-Sulphur dioxide -Particles
-Nitric oxides
Activities that causes Air Pollution
 water pollution
*Water is used for drinking, cooking, bathing and raising crops.
*Different kinds of water:
-Surface water
-Ground water
-Rain, soil and hail
*The effect of water pollution depends on the time of residence.
*Dead organic matter- sewage, urban garbage and agriculture.
*Bacterial decomposition can lead to high (BOD).
*Organic chemical- agricultural sources and industries.
*Heavy metals- direct toxic affects
*Thermal pollution- releasing heated water to the river and lakes.
*Radioactivity- can cause health problems
Activities that causes Water
Pollution
 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND THE
THINNING OF OZONE LAYER
The Atmosphere
*gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth.
*Troposphere- the bottom layer
*Stratosphere- above the Troposphere
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
*to keep the earth warm and comfortable for life.
*TGE-the rise in temperature
*Global warming- the excessive heating of the earth surface
from the addition of greenhouse gases.
*The more the greenhouse gases are accumulated, the more the heat
will be tapped in the Earth
 Ozone depletion
*Thin band in the stratosphere
*Shield the Earth from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays(UV)
*Stratospheric ozone -the “good” ozone
-filters out harmful UV radiation
-prevent it from reaching the Earth’s
surface
-excessive exposure to UV, may cause skin
cancer
*Depletion of the ozone- the release of the (CFCs)into the
atmosphere
*The uses of CFCs
-As a solvent
-Making a foam product
-In air conditioner as a coolant
*Releases chlorine into the atmosphere and breaks down into
its constituent parts of oxygen
*Ozone holes-increase the ultraviolet radiation and can
suffer from skin cancer.
*Cataracts also reduce the ability of immune systems
 the importance of proper management of
development activities and the ecosystem
*As the number of population increases each year, the more
natural resources are used up
*STEPS to protect the environment:
- Governments should set legislation to protect destruction of
wilderness
- Governments can pass laws to restrict the use of materials
*New technology to preserve he environment
- Cataracts converter in cars-to remove the pollutant
- Use of biological controls-to control or eliminate pests
*Environmental Education-for academic proggrammes to make
everyone conscious about the environment
 recycling
*A process to collect, process, remanufacture and reuse the
materials
*Examples:
-Aluminium
-Steel cans
-Newspapers
-Old clothes
*Recycling material can help to:
-Conserve raw materials and energy
-Keep material out of landfills
-Reduce the pollution through waste disposal
 Three Principles to Protect
Ecosystems
* Map the world’s terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and
create an inventory of the species contained in each of
them the ecosystem services they provide
* Locate and protect the most endangered ecosystems
and species, with emphasis on protecting plant
biodiversity and ecosystem services
* Seek to restore as many degraded ecosystems as possible