SCADA

• What is SCADA?

• Where we use SDADA?

• What is DCS? Where it is used?

 SCADA CONCEPTS
• Input/output signal hardware, controllers, HMI, networks,
communication, and software.

• Site control is actually performed automatically by a remote

terminal unit (RTU) or by a programmable logic controller (PLC).
HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE

Presents process data to a human operator

Through which the human operator controls the process

HARDWARE SOLUTIONS
Distributed Control System (DCS) components

IEC 61131-3, is frequently used to create programs which run on

these RTUs and PLCs.
Allows SCADA system engineers to perform both the design and
implementation of a program to be executed on a RTU or PLC.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• Multiple Remote Terminal Units (also known as RTUs or Outstations).
To physical equipment, and reads status data such as the open/closed status
from a switch or a valve, reads measurements such as pressure, flow, voltage or current.

Has alarms ---Can be activated based on the requirements.

• Master Station and HMI Computer(s).

Servers and software responsible for communicating with the field equipment
(rtus, plcs, etc)
Master station may be SINGLE or MULTIPLE SERVERS

SCADA prsents a information as a MIMIC diagram

Mean Time Between Failures Is Very Low
• Communication infrastructure
Used Radio And Direct Serial Or Modem Connections To Meet Communication
Requirements
Ethernet and IP over SONET--- railways and power stations
COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS-----Modbus, RP-570 IEC 60870-5-101 or 104,
Profibus and DNP3
 FUNCTIONING OF SCADA
SYSTEMS
•Channel scanning
Polling
Interrupt Scanning
•Conversion into engineeringunits
•Data processing
 AUTO RECLOSER
• Circuit breaker equipped with a mechanism that can
automatically close the breaker after it has been opened due
to a fault.
• Used in power distribution circuits .
• Protects fromlightning strikes, wind-borne debris, squirrels
climbing insulators .
• Made in single-phase and three-phase versions, and use either
oil or vacuum interrupters.
• Rating40 amperes at 2400 volts up to 1200 amperes
at 35000 volts.
AUTO RECLOSER
 ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION
AUTOMATION
Information Flows within Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA)

Intelligence
Distributed OMS WMS AMR DSM

DER
AM/FM/GIS/CIS

MFR

VVWC TM
DOMA
SCADA/EMS

LM Distribution
SCADA-ADA-SCADA Dispatch Operations
INTERFACES
DOAN DSPF FM Model Analysis
Routine

CA

FLIR
Analysis and
Operations Control
Dispatcher Engineers Applications
Planning
Engineers

TM - Topology Model; LM - Load Model; FM - Facility Models; DSPF – Distribution System Power Flow; MFR
– Multi-Level Feeder Reconfiguration; VVWC – Volt/Var/Watt Control; DOAN – Distribution Operations
Analysis; CA – Contingency Analysis; FLIR – Fault Location, Fault Isolation, and Service Restoration;
 ADVANCED DISTRIBUTION
AUTOMATION
AIM
• To enhance the reliability of power system service, power
quality, and power system efficiency

SCOPE
• Data gathering
• Integrity checking
• Periodic and event-driven system modeling and analysis
• Current And Predictive Alarming
• Contingency Analysis
 SCOPE OF ADA
• Coordinated Volt/Var Optimization
• Fault Location, Isolation, And Service Restoration
• Multi-level Feeder Reconfiguration;
• Pre-arming Of Ras And Coordination Of Emergency
Actions In Distribution
• Pre-arming Of Restoration Schemes And Coordination
Of Restorative Actions In Distribution, and
• Logging and reporting
 LOAD MONITORING SYSTEM
using SCADA & PLC
ADVANTAGES

• Easy identification of area of fault occurrence

• Effective monitoring of utilization of load
• Distance between MASTER STATION &RTU can be very
long
• Accurate decision making is possible
• Mimic diagram representation is possible
• High reliability (less mean time between failures)
 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
SYSTEM DCS
• Control system for Manufacturing System or Process
• Uses computers (usually custom designed processers) as
controllers
• Has Computer Buses Or Electrical Buses &
Multiplexers/Demultiplexers

DCS Manufactures
• ABB, PHILIPS, PROCONTROL,
HONEYWELL, SIEMENS, TOSHIBA,
ECHELON, BECKMAN, FISHERCONTROLS,
FERRANTI, KENT TELEFUNKEN etc.,
 Heirarchy of
DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Management info system

SUPERVISORY CONTROL

Direct Digital Control

Special Digital

PROCESS
DCS AS A LOOP CONTROLLER
 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL
SYSTEM BASED ON FIELD
POINT STANDARD
 CONCLUSION
• Can be used in need of networking of different
systems

• DCS may not require the operator intervention in the

normal operation, but IT MAY HAPPEN WHEN
MERGING SCADA &DCS. DCS