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A relatively stable set of characteristics that

influences an individual’s behavior.

Is people’s tendency to act and think in certain

ways.
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Reviewing personality
theories:

Biological theory: personality are

based on the premise that
personality and behavior are
related to purely biological factors.
Environmental theory: proposes
that personality differences are all
due to environment.
Id
Psychoanalytic theory: places a lot
of emphasis on the unconscious
mind and on how thoughts and
Superego
motivations we are not aware of
influence behavior.

Social learning theory: proposes

ego
Humanistic theory: suggests that
your personality is driven by the
desire for self-development.
that personality develops through
socialization with other people and
that you find out how to behave by
watching what other people do.
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Sees personality as belonging to
distinct groups (so you must be
‘this’ or ‘that’ type of personality.

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 TRAIT THEORY

It sees personality characteristics

as on a normally distributed
continuum.

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The Five Personality Dimensions

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•Managers high in agreeableness are
likable, affectionate and care about others.

•Managers with low agreeableness may be

distrustful, unsympathetic, uncooperative
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and antagonistic
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Big Five Personality Traits

Openness to Experience – tendency to be original, have broad

interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, be daring and take risks

•Managers who are high in openness to experience may be especially

likely to take risks and be innovative in their planning and decision
making .

•Managers who are low in this trait may be less prone to take risks
and be more conservative in their planning and decision making.

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Cognitive Intelligence

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Practical Intelligence

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 Emotional Intelligence

•Appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself—An individual’s ability to

under- stand his or her own emotions and to express these naturally

• Appraisaland recognition of emotions in others—The ability to perceive and

under- stand others’ emotions

• Regulation of emotions in oneself—The ability to regulate one’s own emotions.

•Use of emotions to facilitate performance—The ability to use emotions by

directing them toward constructive activities and improved performance (e.g., by
encouraging oneself to do better)

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•Social perception—Accuracy in perceiving
others, including accurate perceptions of their
traits, motives, and intentions

•Impression management—Proficiency in the

use of a wide range of techniques for inducing
positive reactions in others.

• Persuasion and social influence—Skill at

using various techniques for changing others’
attitudes or behavior in desired directions.

•Social adaptability—The ability to adapt to a

wide range of social situations and to interact
effectively with people from many different
backgrounds.

•Emotional awareness/control—Proficiency
with respect to a cluster of skills relating to the
emotional side of life
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