Sampling Plastic

Concrete
A23.2-1C
Procedure: SAMPLING FROM A TRUCK
AGITATOR OR MIXER

- SAMPLE BETWEEN 10% AND 90% POINTS OF THE DISCHARGE

- DOES NOT APPLY WHEN SAMPLING PRIOR TO ADDITION OF
SUPERPLASTISIZER (SUPER –P)
- https://youtu.be/cik9GSUTXuY
- (RIGHT CLICK ON LINK, OPEN LINK)
 Two types of sampling
EVALUATION OF CONCRETE QUALITY
- STRENGTH TEST
- A GRAB SAMPLE FROM THE
DESIGNATED PLACE OF SAMPLING
GRAB SAMPLE:
THE OPERATION OF SECURING AT ONE POINT
OF DISCHARGE THE REQUIRED VOLUME OF A
REPRESENTATIVE MATERIAL IN A SHORT
PERIOD OF TIME
One grab sample to make 3 cylinders +
slump + Air
UNIFORMITY OF MIXED CONCRETE
- OBTAIN 3 GRAB SAMPLES FROM
WIDELY SPREAD PORTION OF THE
BATCH WHILE MIXER IS BEING
COMPLETELY EMPTIED
- KEEP 3 SAMPLES SEPARATE
- During sampling or when is
begins;
- DO NOT ALLOW MIXER TO TURN IN
MIXING DIRECTION
- DO NOT ADD WATER
Sample Size

• 100x200 mm cylinder
• 20L
• 150x300 mm cylinder
• 30L
• 150x 535 mm (3 beams)
• 55L
• For more beams=increase volume
according to amount needed plus 10%
How to perform sampling?

• By placing receptacle completely through the discharge stream

• By completely diverting the discharge into a sample container

• In other words, as they are pouring into the structure being filled
you can put your bucket as the stream is going or by discharging
the concrete directly from shoot of truck into your sample
bucket..
HOW LONG DO YOU HAVE TO: ……………….
- OBTAIN
- TRANSPORT
- REMIX SAMPLE

10 minutes !!!!!!
DON’T FORGET!!! PROTECT PROTECT
PROTECT!!!

• From sun
• From wind
• Sources of rapid evaporation
• contamination
WET SIEVING

• When concrete contains aggregates larger than that appropriate

for the mold used…
• For density testing no aggregate shall be removed.
• Shake sample over sieve, only put enough concrete and don’t
overload sieve
• Disregard larger stones
• Remix sample
• Note: if you removed larger stone from convrete your strength will be
higher than original batched concrete ….
REPORTING

• Concrete mix identification

• Source of the sample
• Date and time of sampling
• ID of project site
• Location of sampling operation other then point of discharge
• Location of concrete in the structure under construction
• Name of certified technician
• ID of certified lab doing testing
• Name and signature of person reviewing report
• Any deviation from the test procedures
 MAKING AND CURING
CONCRETE COMPRESSION
AND FLEXURAL TEST
SPECIMEN
23.2-3C
 THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES THE STANDARD
PROCEDURES FOR…..
MAKING, CURING, PROTECTING and TRANSPORTING
If the specimens are made and standard cured, sample can be used for the
following purpose
- acceptance testing for specified strength
- Checking adequacy of mixture proportions for strength
- Quality control

If the specimens are made and field cured….

- Consideration of whether thr structure is able to be put into service
- Comparison with test results of standard cured specimens or with test results from
various in place test methods
- Adequacy of curing and protection of concrete in the concrete structure
- Formwork or shoring removal time requirements
 Moulds For Compressive strength

• Non absorbent surfaces

• Sufficient rigid to hold their shape
• Do not use cardboard unless indicated but not for concrete >35MPA
• Use of mineral oil is permissible to coat cylinder before testing
Flexural Concrete BEAMS

- Rectangular beams
- 50 mm greater than 3x the depth with their long axes
- Ratio can not exceed 1.5
- Cross section can be no less than 150x150 mm or 3x the max size
aggregate
- Water tight and rigid non absorbent material
- Means of securing base plate
- Inside surface smooth and free from holes, indentations, ridges
- Side and bottom: straight
- Maximum variation of specified cross section must not exceed 3mm
Moulds review
- Rigid
- Watertight
- Non-absorbent
- Base plate secured
- Inside smooth, free of hole,
indentation,ridges
- Strait
- Length 50 mm greater than 3x the depth
- Sample size 55L

- NO cartboard molds used for concrete with >35MPA

- Non- absorbent surface
- Rigid can hold their shape
- 100x200 mm – sample size 20L
- 100x300 mm – sample size 30L
Tamping RODS

Small Rod 10 mm +- 1mm

- 100x200 mm cylinder
- Rod 20 times interior
- 10-15 times outsides with rubber mallet

Large Rod 16 mm +- 1 mm
- 100x300mm cylinders
- Beams
- Slump
- Air meter
- (general rule rod 25 times/layer) BOTH NEED
- 1 Round edge to Hemispherical tip
- Length 450 mm to 600 mm
 VIBRATORS

Internal external

- 60 Hz
- Means of clamping moulds securely

- 120 hz or Greater
- Element : 20 mm to 40 mm
- Length: 50 mm less than height of mold
- Diametre ratio 4:1
- Beams 1/3 of with of beam
SMALL TOOLS NEEDED
STRIKE OFF BAR

6 mm X 25 mm X 450 mm
 Water Temperature: 23.0 +- 2oC
- Record temperature 2x daily
- Saturated with Calcium
Hydroxide (3g/L)
- Change tank water within 24
month

- CONDITIONS TO BE MET
- Interconnected with tubing
allows flow between tanks
- Some means of circulation
- Temperature variation
between tanks shall not
exceed 1oC (weekly)
STORAGE TANKS
 • MUST BE DONE
Moulding Specimens WITHIN 20
MINUTES of
sampling

METHODS OF CONSOLIDATION
- Rodding……………..SLUMP > 40 mm
- Vibration…………….SLUMP < 40 mm

- Slump > 80 mm vibration is

acceptable when all parties
agree
- Slump > 180 mm - rodding
- Self consolidating – NO RODDING
- Level surface
- Rigid surface
- Free from vibration
- Close to where they will
be stored for the first
28hrs +- 8h
PLACEMENT OF CONCRETE

Diameter of Number of Diameter of rod, Number of layers

cylinder strokes/layer mm
100 20 10 3
150 25 16 3
200 50 16 3
250 75 16 3

When use of vibration – 2 Lift is sufficient

RODDING

- ROD EACH LAYER WITH

# OF STROKES
INDICATED IN Table 2
- Uniformly distribute
the strokes over cross
section
- Penetrate bottom layer
about 25 mm into
underlaying layer
- Smartly tap side 10 -
15 times using mallet
https://youtu.be/h-LU39vQ26Q
“ Fill mould into 2 layers
100 x 200 mm cylinder 150 x 300 mm
1 insertion 3 insertion

-
-
Second layer must not over fill more than 6 mm
Finishing, no higher than 3 mm, then strike off
”
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VIBRATION OF
CONCRETE
Over vibration can cause segregation
 CURING OF CONCRETE

• Laboratory Curing • Field Curing

• 23 +- 2 oC • 15oC to 25oC
• Place moulds on • Place moulds on
• Rigid • Rigid
• Horizontal surface • Horizontal surface
• Free from vibration • Free from vibration
• Cover to prevent evaporation • Report the max/min
• Remove moulds 20h +- 4 hrs temperature when initial curing
exceed 24hrs
• Store in moist condition > 95%
• Demould 28 hrs. +- 8 hrs.
moisture- free water remains on
all surface • Store in 23oC +-2oC

*demolding can be extended to 76hr is strength specified is less than 35 MPA as long as temperature can be
maintained between 15-25oC
TRANSPORTING OF CONCRETE TEST SAMPLES
DURING CURING PERIOD

- Field to lab = min. 20 hrs.

- Transport flexural test samples in their moulds
DEMOULDING CONCRETE

• 28 hrs. +- 8 hrs.
• 76 hrs. is permissible for <35 MPa
• Field curing temperature maintained at 15-25oC
Specimens for determining when structure can be put to service
- demoulding 48h+-4hrs
- Stored near structure
- Covered with damp earth, surface exposed
- At end of curing, expose sample same as structure
- Remove from fiels and store in lime water 23oC +-2oC
 REPORTING
1. Concrete mix identification 13. Curing Condition
2. Source of sample (bill #, Batch #) 14. Name of certified technician
3. Date ad time of sampling responsible for making cylinders
4. ID of project site 15. Id of certified lab making, curing,
5. Location of concrete in structure and transporting
6. Type of specimens 16. Id of lab responsible for curing and
1. Cured under standard testing
2. Cured to represent the in-place condition Name and signature of persons reviewing
17. Any deviation from test procedures
7. Date and time of moulding of specimen
8. Type of mould used
9. Min and max temperature measured during
curing
10.Date and time of departure from site where
samples were stored
11.Date and time of receiving to lab
12.Mass of cylinders at demoulding time
AIR CONTENT OF PLASTIC
CONCRETE BY PRESURE
A23.2-4C
ASTM C231, C29
WHAT IS AIR CONTENT?

• Measures the air content of plastic concrete

• Air of harden concrete can be higher or lower than determined
• DEPENDS ON;
• Methods and amount od consolidation applied
• The uniformity and stability of air bubbles
• The accuracy of microscopic methods
• The time of comparison
• The environment exposure
• Stage in the delivery
• Placement and consolidation process
• Other factors
GENERAL tools/specification for
determining air
• Measuring bowl, pressure tight, suitable to hold amount specified
• Cover designed to be attachedto measuring bowl
• Facility of applying know pressure
• Round strait steel tamping rod 16 mm+-1mm 450-600mm in lenth
with one round tip
• Internal vibrator 120 hz, 20 mm- 40 mm diameter, 350 mm length
• External vibrator, 60hz
• Mallet 0.6kg +-0.3kg
• Strike off bar 6mmx25 mmx450 mm
• Miscellanous equipment: trowel, syringe, funnel….
 - Rigid ( limit expansion 0.1%)
Measuring Bowl -
-
Cylindrical
Steel or metal
- Smooth interior

Minimum Capacity of bowl, L Nominal Maximum Size aggregate,

mm
7 40 or less
15 56

- 7 L bowl may be used for concrete containing aggregates

particle retaining on 40 mm, if wet sieved over 40 mm
sieve before testing
COVER ASSEMBLY

• Air chamber
• Suitable hand pump either
attached to the cover
• Valve for bleeding the air
• Operating valve for
allowable air in chamber
to enter bowl
• Two bi pass valves will
release air from container
• Pressure gauge
• Dial range 0-8%, readable
to min. 0.2%
CALIBRATION OF AIR METER

https://youtu.be/pxUXUyXjoXc

( 6 minute video)
 SAMPLING &
PROCEDURES

10 minutes after
obtaining sample
PROCEDURES

RODDING:
- slump > 40 mm https://youtu.be/QPT7QTlnn8U (5 minute)
- 3 layer
- 25 strokes / layer (50 strokes 15L)
- Tapping outside with mallet 10-15 times
- Penetrating underlining layers 25 mm
- Bottom layer is rodded through out its depth

VIBRATIONS:
- 2 layers
- 3 points of insertion /layer
- Penetrating underlining layer 25 mm
REPORTING

- Source of sample
- Location, date and time of sampling
- Location of concrete in the structure under construction
- Identification of certified laboratory performing test
- Name of certified technician
- Test age of the sample( date and time of testing)
- Air content as %, to the neaest 0.1%
- Name of persons reviewing report
- Any deviation from test procedure
SLUMP OF CONCRETE
A23.2-5C
ASTM C143/C
SLUMP

• A measure of consistency of freshly mixed haudrolic cement concrete,

motar, or stucco, equal to the substance, measured to the 5mm, of
the moulded specimen immediately after removal of the slump cone.
• Slump must be done accordance with 23.2-19C

• For material with coarse aggregate up to 40 mm, if aggregates

larger than mm , wet sieve is permissible.
• If slump >230 mm – substitute with slump
flow(23.2-19C
TOOLS NEEDED

• Slump Cone
• 16mm+-1mm 450-600mm
length,one hemispheric tip
rod
• Surface , rigid, flat suitable
base plate
• Ply wood must medium
density overlay and min.
thickness of 19mm
• Measuring tape 300mm
with 1 mm graduation
Slump cone
dimentions
PROCEDURES

• Dampen mould and base plate

• Hold mould in place by standing on both foot pieces
• Fill mould 1/3 with concrete
• Rod 25 times in a inclined position, trhough cross section, spiraling in
• Fill mould 2/3
• Rod 25 times penetrating underlining concrete 25 mm in
• Fill mould to top , overfill no more than 3 mm
• Rod 25 times, penetrating underlining concrete layer 25 mm
• Strike top in rolling motion with rod
• Wipe of access concrete

• At this point you are still standing on cone never relieving pressure
REMOVING SLUMP CONE

• REMOVE MOULD AT A RATE OF 5 SEC by

steady upward lift

2 minutes to perform test

2 slump test on same

material shouldn’t vary
more than 10 mm
REPORTING

• ID OF CERTIFIED LAB PERFORMING TEST

• SOURCE OF SAMPLE
• SOURCE OF SAMPLE
• LOCATION, DATE, TIME OF SAMPLING
• LOCATION OF THE CONCRETE IN
STRUCTURE UNDER CONSTRUCTION
• NAME OF CERTIFIED PERSON
• SLUMP IN (mm) NEAREST TO 5MM
• NAME OF PERSON REVIEWING TEST
• ANY DEVIATION FROM TEST PROCEDURES
Video for slump As per ASTM C143/C

https://youtu.be/lwZf217v5XA
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
of Cylindrical concrete
23.2-9C
ASTM C39/C39M-12a
 ASTM 23.2-1C SAMPLING CONCRETE
ASTM 23.2-3C MAKING CONCRETE COMPRESSION
SPECIMENS
ASTM 23.2-12C
ASTM 23.2-14C

Used in ACCORDANCE TO FOLLOWING ASTM

 What is
compressive
strength?
What is this method used for?

• QC of concrete proportioning, mixing, transporting, placing

operations
• Determining of compliance with project specification and CSA
A23.1
• Control for evaluation effectiveness of admixtures and cementing
materials
The compressive strength
od material will depend on

• Size and shape of specimen

• Batching
• Mixing procedures
• Method of sampling, moulding and
fabrication
• The age, temperature and moisture
conditions during curing and testing
• Specific testing machine design
• Selected load rate
• Other conditions
Testing Machine

• Power-operated, apply load continuously

• Comply with ASTM E74
• 2 steel bearing blocks with hardedn faces
• Surface minimum 3% greater than diameter
tested
• Concentric cirlcle , bearing face plane no more
than 0.025mm
• New blocks shall be manufactured within one-
half of its tolerance
• Bearing blocks can not exceed specimen by
13mm, concentric circles not more than 0.8mm
deep, 1.2 mm wide
• Rockwell hardness of not less than HRC
Bottom bearing block

• 25 mm thick
• 22.5 mm thick when new
• Doesn’t neet concentric circkes
• Block may be fasten to platen
• Least horizontal dimention should be 3% larger than
diameter of specimen
• Used as guide for centering
Spherically seated (upper) bearing block

• The max diameter of bearing face should cmply to

table 1
• The centre sphere should coincide with the surface
for bearing face with tolerance of +-5% of the radius of
shere
• Ball and socket should be design to not deform under
pressure
• 85MPA is the limit of historically standard 150 mm dia,
if greater MPA is required a larger capacity machine is
required
• Curved surface of socket shall be clean and lubricated
Table 1 Diameter of bearing face

Diameter of test specimens, mm Maximum diameter of suspended bearing

face
50 100
75 125
100 165
150 250
200 280
VERIFICATION OF ACCURACY ASTM E4

• Must be done on original installation or relocation of machine

• After an elapsed interval since the previous verification of 12
month
• Reason of doubt of accuracy
• After making any repairs
• % of error should not acceed 1%
• Verified by applying 5 test loads in 4 approx. equal increments in
ascending order
• Test load shall be recorded at each point
Capping Equipment

• SULFER CAPS:
• Formed against metal plates with a recessed area
• Recess(capping mould) depth 5-12mm, 10mm-25mm
larger than diameter of specimen
• Plate has thickness of 12 mm
• Surface of recess area shall not depart from plane
more than 0.05mm in 152 mm
• Surface free from gouges, grooves, indentations
• Hardness of 48HRC
• Caps must not be off centered more than 2 mm
• Melting pot 130oC to 145cC
CAPPING PROCEDURES
Cylinder Minimum Maximum Maximum
compressive strength of average thickness of cap,
strength, MPa capping material thickness of cap, mm
determined in mm
according to
Clause 7.1.3,
MPa
3.5-50 35 but not less 6 8
than cylinder
>50 Not less than 3 5
cylinder strength

CONFORM TO ASTM C617

FOR SPECIFIC STRENGTH UP TO 70 MPA

CHECK AND CURING OF CAPPING

• Planeness and perpendicularity checked accordance

to Clause 6.1.3 and 6.1.4
• Tapping with coin or rubbing light metal on cap
checking for hollow sounds
• 2 hrs of curing for test no greater than 35 Mpa
• 16 curing before testing > 35 MPA
SPECIMENS - DIAMETER

- diameter from same cylinder must not differ from 2%

- 1 ever 10 or 3 specimens a day must be verified
- when cylinder are know to be made from single lot,
diameter must be within 0.5 mm
- Diameter used for calculating cross section area shall be
determined to the nearest 0.5mm by averaging 2 diameter
measured at right angles each other at about mid height of
specimen
Specimen - Length

The length , including

caps, shall be
measured in mm when
length to diameter
ratio is less than 1.8 or
more than 2.2 of when
the volume of cylinder
is to be determined
Specimen - Planeness

• The ends of specimens shall not depart

from plane more than 0.05 mm
• Capping or grinding helps achieve
planeness
• 1 in 10 or 3 cylinders daily, (morning,
lunch, end of day) should be tested using
feeler gauge and straightedge
 Specimens -
Perpendicularity
Neither ends of the specimen shall depart
from perpendicularity to axis by more than
0.5 (2mm)
Specimens - Moisture

Compressive strength of
moist cured concrete
specimens shall be made
as soon as possible after
removal from moist room.
Keep moist until testing,
surfaces are allowed to
let dry for capping
purposes only
DENSITY

• Mass of cylinder is taken before capping

• Balance accuracy to 0.3%
• Diameter of specimen measured to the nearest 0.5
mm (2 locations)
• Length measured to the 1 mm (3 location)
• Weight moisture free from surface prior to capping,
remove access surface moisture with damp towel
• Weight specimen under water 23oC+-2oC

Mass of specimen
_______________
Volume of specimen
LOAD RATE

• Moving head travel shall be set to achieve 0.15MPa/s to

0.35MPa/s
• In hydraulic operated machines, 0.15 MPa/s to 0.35MPa/s
• During the first half of the max. Load, higher rate of loading
shall be permitted
Permissible tolerances of test ages

Test age Permissible tolerance

24hr +- 0.5hr

3d +- 2hr

7d +- 6hr

28d +- 20hr

56d +- 36hr

91d +- 48hr
CALCULATIONS

• Divide the maximum Load carried by the average

cross-sectional area nearest to the 0.1 MPa

where, F = Load applied [N], A = Area [m2]

Length to Diameter Ratio

• 15-70 MPa
If less than 1.8, apply
correction factor • Densities between 1600 kg/m3
and 2400 kg/m3

Correction factors (15-70 Mpa)

L/D 2.0 1.75 1.5 1.25 1.0
Factor 1.0 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.87

Correction factors (> 70 MPa)

L/D 2.0 1.75 1.5 1.25 1.0
Factor 1.0 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92
 TYPES OF
FRACTURES
REPORTING –required information

- Specimen ID number
- ID of certified LAB
- Date and time of cast and date of delivery
- Date and time of core was taken
- Date of tested specimen
- Specified age in days and minimum strength specified, Mpa
- Curing history
- Diameter mm
- Compressive strength calculated to nearest 0.1 Mpa
- Curing history
- Type of failure
- Name and signature of person responsible for review
- Location in structure represented by field sample
- Any deviations from test procedure
 TEMPERATURE OF
FRESHLY MIXED
HYDRAULIC CEMENT
23.2-17C
ASTM C1064
Sampling test specimens

Measure the temp. provided there is adtelase 75 mm of concrete cover around thermometer

Leave thermometer in concrete for min. 2 Minutes until stable

If concrete contains aggregates larger than 80 mm could take up to 20 minutes for stabilizing

COMPLETE TEMPERATURE WITHIN 5 MINUTES OF

SAMPLING CONCRETE
Reporting

• Location, date and time sample taken

• Source of sample
• ID of project site and location
• Date and time of testing
• The measured temperature nearest to 0.5
oC
• Name of certified lab
• Name of person responsible for review
• Any deviation of test preformed
SLUMP FLOW OF
CONCRETE
23.2-19C
ASTM C143
 DEFINITIONS
HALO: an observed cement paste or mortar ring that has clearly separated from coarse aggregate
around the outside circumference of concrete after flowing from slump.

Self-Consolidating Concrete: non-segregating, stable concrete mixtures proportioned to consolidate

during the placement process without the use of any consolidation efforts

Slump Flow: the horizontal spread of concrete immediately upon removal of the slump cone as a measure
of the unconfined fluidity of concrete giving a relative indication of degree to which concrete can travel

Spread: The distance of lateral flow that concrete travels using the slump flow test method

Stability: the ability of concrete mixture to resist segregation of the paste from the aggregates

T50cm: the time , in seconds, recorded to the nearest second, of the spread of concrete from release of
the mould to reach a 500 mm diameter circle marked or scribed on rigid, non-absorbent surface

Viscosity: the property of a material to resist flow as a result of an applied stress

Procedures https://youtu.be/dGd8zU0XyNU

- Complete test within 10 minutes of

sampling
- Dampen surface and cone before
testing
- Hold mold firmly using foot pieces or
invert cone
- Fill mould , NO RODDING, strike off
surface with rod, remove access
concrete
- Raise mould approx. 225 mm +- 75
mm above surface ( 3 sec)
- Upon removal allow concrete to
spread horizontally or for 2 minutes
- Determine the diameter of concrete
in 2 directions
- (2 consecutive sample shouldn’t
differ more than 50 mm
T50

• Place mould on inner circle

• Fill mould to top, no rodding
• 2 people needed to perform
test
• As soon as mould leave
concrete timer starts
• Timmer stops once concrete
reached the T50 ring (500
mm diameter)
• The person holding stop watch
doesn’t need to be certified
Visual Stability Index Values

• 0 = highly stable – no evidence of segregation in slump

flow spread
• 1 = stable – no mortar halo or aggregate pile in slump
flow spread
• 2= unstable – a slight mortar halo (<10 mm) and/or
aggregate pile in slump flow spread
• 3 = highly unstable – Clearly segregating by evidence of large
mortar halo (>10 mm) and/or a large
aggregate pile
 Visual
stability
Index
 REPORTING

- Concrete mix identification

- Source of concrete
- ID of project location
- Date and time of testing
- Slump flow nearest to 10 mm, horizontal spread of the sample during test.
- VSI value for concrete mix
- The T50 cm time, nearest to the second
- Name of certified technician
- Name of certified Lab
- Name and signature of person reviewing report
- Any deviations from test procedures
SUMMARY OF TESTS ON CONCRETE SAMPLES

• Collect sample, transport, remix 10 minutes

• Temperature 5 minutes
• Slump 10 minutes
• Slump Flow 10 minutes
• Air test 10 minutes
• Cylinders 20 minutes
 THANK YOU
END OF CONCRETE STUDY GUIDE CATEGORY 0