Thomas H Lindberg IEC 61850

Introduction to the
Standard
Presentation
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2006-10-06 SA2006-000752 Thomas H Lindberg

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 IEC 61850 Basic scope: Communication in Substations

Station
HMIs Controller

Communications architecture

IEDs

Switchgear,
CTs, PTs,
more …
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Substation physical fence

2006-10-06 SA2006-000752 Thomas H Lindberg

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 IEC 61850 History
 Current title of standard:
Communication Networks and Systems in Substations
 Decision to start work in Nov.1993
 Work started May 1995
 All parts of the Standard published in 2003 – 2005
 Revision and extension work started directly thereafter
 Amendments and corrections have already been issued
 Extensions to basic scope in work since 2004
 Wind power plants
 Hydro power plants
 Distributed Energy Resources, DER
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 Security aspects

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 IEC 61850 and UCA: Two standards merge
1997  2004

1994 1996
IEC 61850
IEC TC57 IEC 61850
UCA
EPRI,
IEEE, UCA
USI
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 IEC 61850 targets
 Interoperability
 IEDs from different vendors can exchange and use information over a
common communications media.
 The functionality in different devices is however not necessarily the same.
Therefore no interchangeability of devices from different vendors!
 Engineering and configuration data is portable between vendor tools
 Open IED description
 Reduces the engineering and configuration
 IEDs capabilities are described in a standardized way
 Proprietary functions, solutions, and data are still available and allowed
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 IEC 61850 target details
 The IEC 61850 specification aims to define three things:
 Which data are available and how are they named and described:
IEC 61850-7-4, -7-3, and -7-2
 How can these data be accessed and exchanged:
IEC 61850-7-2
 How can devices be connected to communication networks:
IEC 61850-8-x and -9-x
 The specification states that the standard may also be applied to
describe device models and functions for:
 Substation to substation information exchange
 Substation to control centre information exchange
 Power Plant to control centre information exchange
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 Information exchange for distributed automation

 Information exchange for metering

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 IEC 61850 Reference frame: Station bus

Station
HMIs Controller

Station
Bus

IEDs

Switchgear,
CTs, PTs
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2006-10-06 SA2006-000752 Thomas H Lindberg

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 IEC 61850 Communication: The concept
 To explain some communication
concepts, we’ll use a simplified
version of our substation
architecture – an HMI is as client
connected to one IED.
 The IED is of the multi-function
variety, i.e. it is responsible for the
protection, monitoring, metering
and control of the associated
apparatus note, that the concepts to
IED 1 Data follow hold true for simpler, single
•TOC Pick-up functions IEDs as well.
•CB1 is Closed  The IED is a server for various
•I Phase A is 200A
data; in our example that a
•V Phase A is 26.3kV
protection element has picked up,
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that the CB is closed, that phase A

current is 200A, and that phase A
voltage is 26.3kV
2006-10-06 SA2006-000752 Thomas H Lindberg
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 IEC 61850 Communication: The concept

HMI Linkage

CB1 Pos = DB DW 1
TOC PU = DB DW 2
Ia = DB DW 3
Va = DB DW 4

DNP
multidrop
bus
DNP mapping to DB

DB DW 1 = IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #1

DB DW 2 = IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #20
DB DB DW 3 = IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #1
DB DW 4 = IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #6

IED 1 Data DNP 3.0 Messages

•TOC Pick-up
•CB1 is Closed IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #1 = CB1 Pos
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IED1, Obj 2, Var 2, #20 = TOC PU

•I Phase A is 200A IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #1 = Ia
•V Phase A is 26.3kV IED1, Obj 30, Var 4, #6 = Va

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 Data Communication using IEC 61850: Logical Groupings

IEC 61850 divides data

into I/O like logical
IEC groupings, e.g.
61850
LAN
Digital Input data,
Analog Input data, etc,

DB

“Protection Data”

IED 1 Data “Switchgear Data”

•TOC Pick-up
•CB1 is Closed “Measurement Data
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•I Phase A is 200A
•V Phase A is 26.3kV “Measurement Data”

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 Logical Groupings: Devices, nodes, classes and data

Logical Device

LN1 LN2
(XCBR) (MMXU)

StV q PhA PhB

Pos A

Bay
Bay A B
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Physical Device
(network address)

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 Logical Nodes: There are 92 Logical Nodes in 13 Groups
Logical Node Group Group Number in
Designator Group
PDIR Directional element
System Logical Nodes L PHAR 2 Harmonic restraint
PSCH Protection Scheme
Protection functions P PTEF 28 Transient Earth Fault
PZSU Zero speed or underspeed
Protection related functions R PDIS 10 Distance protection
PVPH Volts per Hz relay
Supervisory control C PTUV 6 Undervoltage
PDOP Directional over power
Generic References G …more
3
Interfacing and Archiving I 4
MMXU Measuring Measurand unit
Automatic Control A MMTR
4 Metering
Metering and Measurement M MSQI 8 Sequence and Imbalance
MHAI Harmonics and Inter-harmonics
Switchgear X MDIF 2 Differential Measurements
…more
Instrument Transformer T 2
Power Transformer Y 4
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Further power system equipment Z XCBR 15 Circuit Breaker

XSWI Circuit Switch
Sensors S 3

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 Data: There are 355 Common Data Classes

Data class Number of A - Phase to ground amperes for Phases 1, 2, and 3

Amps - Current of a non three phase circuit
Ang - Angle between phase voltage and current
System information 13 AnIn - Analogue Input used for generic I/O
ChAnVal - Array of analogue channel numbers and
actual values at a certain time tag
Physical device 11 CircA - Measured circulating current in a transformer
information paralleling application
CtlV - Voltage on secondary of transformer as used for
Measurands 66 voltage control.
Den - Density of gas or other insulating Medium
DQ0Seq - Direct, quadrature, and zero axis quantity
Metered values 14 ECC - This is the measured current through a Petersen
Coil in neutral compensated networks.
FDkm - The distance to a fault in kilometres
Controllable Data 36 FDOhm - The distance to a fault in Ohms
HaRmsA - Current Harmonic RMS un-normalized
Status information 85 THD for A, B, C, N
HaRmsV - Voltage Harmonic RMS un-normalized
THD for AB, AN, BC, BN, CA, CN, NG
Settings 130 HaTdA - Current Total Harmonic Distortion
HaTdV - Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion
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More…..

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 Defining Devices: Physical Devices breakdown into LNs

Logical Device
IED1

PTOC Time Over Current

RREC Auto Reclosing

XCBR CSWI Circuit Breaker

Indication & Control
XSWI CSWI
Disconnect Switch
MMXU Indication & Control
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Measurement Unit
MMTR

Metering

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 Accessing Data: Think Windows Explorer

IED1/XCBR
IED1

+ PTOC Time Over Current LN

+ RREC Autorecloser LN
+ XCBR Switchgear – Circuit Breaker
+ CSWI Control - Circuit Breaker
+ XSWI Switchgear – Disconnect
+ CSWI Control - Disconnect
+ MMXU Measurement Unit
+ MMTR Metering
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 Accessing Data: Think Windows Explorer

IED1/XCBR.Pos
IED1

+ PTOC Time Over Current LN

+ RREC Autorecloser LN
- XCBR Switchgear – Circuit Breaker
+ Mode Mode
+ Beh Behavior
+ Health Health
+ Name Name plate
+ Loc Local operation
+ EEHealth External equipment
+ EEName External equipment name plate
+ OperCnt Operation counter
+
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Pos Switch position

+ BlkOpen
+ BlkClos
+ ChMotEna
+ CBOpCap
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+ POWCap
Thomas H Lindberg
©
Block opening
Block closing
Charger motor enabled
Circuit breaker operating capability
Point On Wave switching capability

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 Accessing Data: Think Windows Explorer

IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal
IED1

+ PTOC Time Over Current LN

+ RREC Autorecloser LN
- XCBR Switchgear – Circuit Breaker
+ Mode Mode
+ Beh Behavior
+ Health Health
+ Name Name plate
+ Loc Local operation
+ EEHealth External equipment
+ EEName External equipment name plate
+ OperCnt Operation counter
-
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Pos Switch position

ctlVal intermediate-state (0)

stVal off (1)
pulseConfig on (2)
operTim bad-state (3)
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…more
 IEC 61850 Communication: Data Context is retained

HMI Linkage

IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal (CB pos)

IED1/PTOC.Start.general (TOC PU)
IED1/MMXU.A.phsA.mag (Ia)
IED1/MMXU.V.phsA.mag (Va)

IEC 61850 messages

DW = IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal (CB pos)

DW = IED1/PTOC.Start.general (TOC PU)
DW = IED1/MMXU.A.phsA.mag (Ia)
IED 1 Data DW = IED1/MMXU.V.phsA.mag (Va)

•TOC Pick-up
•CB1 is Closed
•I Phase A is 200A IEC 61850 messages
•V Phase A is 26.3kV
IED1/XCBR.Pos.stVal (CB pos)
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IED1/PTOC.Start.general (TOC PU)

IED1/MMXU.A.phsA.mag (Ia)
IED1/MMXU.V.phsA.mag (Va)

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 IEC 61850 Communication: Devices are self describing

IED1 IED2 IED3 IED4

Vendor Vendor Vendor Vendor
X X Y Y
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 IEC 61850 Communication: Peer-to-peer communication

IED1 IED2 IED3 IED4 GOOSE

Vendor Vendor Vendor Vendor (Generic Object Oriented
X X Y Y System-wide Events)
Multicast/Broadcast
Message,
Peer-to-Peer in
less than 4 ms
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 IEC 61850 Communication: Addressing modes
 Unicast communication takes place over the network between a
single sending IED and a single receiving IED. The Destination
Address identifies a unique device that will receive the Ethernet frame.
 Only a single device recognizes this address as ’my address’.
 Multicast is the addressing mode in which a given frame is targeted
to a group of logically related IEDs. In this case the Destination
Address is the Multicast Address, also called a "group" address.
 Several devices recognize this/these address/es as ’my address’.
 Used for GOOSE
 Broadcast is the mode when an IED is sending a frame to all devices
connected to the substation network.
 All devices recognize this address as ’my address’.
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 Used for GOOSE

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 IEC 61850 Communication: Addressing modes

Unicast
Multicast
Broadcast

IED1 IED2 IED3 IED4

Vendor Vendor Vendor Vendor
X X Y Y
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 IEC 61850: Engineering and Configuration
 IEC 61850 enables efficient IED engineering
 IEDs are engineered using manufacturer specific IED configuration tools
 Configuration tools translate the IED capabilities and configuration to the
SCL (Substation Configuration description Language)
 SCL enables information exchange between IED configuration tools from
different manufacturers
 SCL secures backwards compatibility between different versions of IEDs
and IED configuration tools
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 IEC 61850 configuration tools and model
According to Part 6 definitions
IED
Capabilities
(LN, DO, …)
System
Configurator

Associations,
IED Pre-configured exchanges,
Database Relationship to primary topology, …

Engineering IED Configurator,

Engineering
Workstation vendor
IED A
Configurator,
Workstation
vendor B

File Transfer (REMOTE)

File Transfer (LOCAL)
Substation
Gateway
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IED IED IED IED

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 IEC 61850: Engineering and Configuration 1/3

IED A IED B
 Step 1: config. tool config. tool
 Select IEDs according to
functional requirements
 Configure IEDs
 IED specific tool
IEC 61850-8-1
 Default IED Capability Ethernet
Description file, ICD, as basis Vendor A
IED
 For ABB IEDs the default ICD file is
part of the IED Connectivity
Package
Vendor B
 Create individual ICD file, for IED
IED Capability
the IEDs Description files, ICD
 Download all ICD files into the
System Configuration
Description database Substation
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Configuration
Description

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 IEC 61850: Engineering and Configuration 2/3

IED A IED B
 Step 2: config. tool config. tool

 Upload all ICD files into the

System Configuration tool
 Define cross-references
between the IEDs IEC 61850-8-1
Ethernet
 Set System parameters for the Vendor A
IED
IEDs
 Update the individual ICD files
Vendor B
 Download all ICD files into the IED Capability IED System
Description files, ICD
System Configuration config.
tool
Description database and the
System Configuration 2

Description file, SCD Substation

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Configuration
Description
1
System Configuration
Description file, SCD
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 IEC 61850: Engineering and Configuration 3/3

IED A IED B
 Step 3: config. tool config. tool

 Upload the ICD and SCD files

into the IED specific tool
 Create the run-time parameter
files for the individual IEDs
IEC 61850
 in vendor specific format Ethernet
Vendor A
 in a SCL based format as IED
Configured IED Description file
 Download the run-time files into
Vendor B
the individual IEDs IED Capability IED
 MMS services Description files, ICD

 FTP
 proprietary method
Substation
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Configuration
Description

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 IEC 61850 Communication: Station bus vs. Process bus 1/2

Substation with
IEC 61850 Station bus
and conventional
Hardwired I/O

Station bus

Hardwired I/O
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 IEC 61850 Communication: Station bus vs. Process bus 2/2

Substation with
IEC 61850 Station bus
and Process bus(es)

Station bus

IED1 IED2 IED3 IED4

Vendor Vendor Vendor Vendor
X X Y Y

Process bus(es)
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 IEC 61850 Communication: Analog Values on Process Bus
IEC 61850-8-1
 Currents and voltages are sampled and
distributed to users over the process bus
LAN(s)
Protection
 One single A/D conversion
 High speed sampling
 Up to 80 samples per period for protection (4
kHz)
 256 samples per period for power quality Sampled
Values IEC 61850-9-2
 Sampling directly in modern CTs/VTs Process bus
 Sampling in Merging Units
 Merging Units convert proprietary analog data
acquisition to IEC 61850-9-2 Merging
Unit (MU) CTs/VTs
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 IEC 61850 Communication: Main thoughts behind
Future Proof Design Aspects - Independence of actual technology

Slow • Long-term definition

Application Application • Safe-guarding investments
Domain • Objects
• Services

Abstract Interface

Stack specific Mapping • Adaptation per selected stack

Mapping

Stack Interface
7
6
MMS 5
TCP/IP 4 • Stack selection
Ethernet 3 • Following the
2
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Fast state -of-the-art in

1 communication
Speed of ISO/OSI Approach of
change seven layer stack IEC61850

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 IEC 61850 Communication: Mapping
Model according to state-of-the-art SA technology
SA specific data model
evolves slowly Data Model (Objects,Services)
Communication technology
changes quickly
Splitting of SA specific Client Server Sampled
data model from GOOSE*
Communication Values
communication technology
Mapping
Abstract
Communication
Services
Interface (ACSI)
MMS Real time
Stack
Interface
Communication
TCP
ISO/OSI – Stack
Hierarchical set of IP
Rules how information is coded for
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transmission Ethernet Link Layer with Priority tagging

According to state-of-the art
communication technology Ethernet Physical Layer (100 Mbit/s)

* Generic Object Oriented Stack selection according to the state-of-the-art

Substation Event Communication technology
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 IEC 61850 Stack: Details

application
application
application
ACSI
Hard Real-Time stack Soft-Time stack
Client/Server
GOOSE GSEmgt SV clock
services
MMS
ISO 9506-1:2003

SNTP, ACSE
ISO/IEC 8649:1996
PTP,
(SNMP) ISO Session
ISO Transport spanning
RFC 1006 tree
(802.1d)
UDP TCP RFC 793 ICMP
01
x88B8 x88B9 x88BA IP ARP

Priority tag 802.p1 / 802.1Q void void

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Link Layer PTID=8100 PT=0800 PT=0806 802.2

MAC Layer Ethernet 802.3

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 IEC 61850: Structure of the standard
Information and
Part 1 Introduction and Overview understanding
Part 2 Glossary
Impact on
Part 3 General Requirements tenders and
product mgmt.
Part 4 System and Project Management

Part 5 Communication Requirements Modeling

of standard
Part 6 Configuration Description Language for communication

Part 7-1 BasicCommunication

Communicationmodel
Structure (Data
(Data model
model and and Services)
Services)
Communication model (Data model and Services) Impact on
… 7- 4 Communication model (Data model and Services)
engineering
Part 10 Conformance testing

The real stuff!

Mapping Mapping Mapping Mapping
Part 8 Part 9
Stack A Stack B Stack X Stack Y
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Impact on
verification

Station bus Process bus

mappings mappings
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