Shell and Tube

2-4 Shell and Tube
Heat exchanger
engineering-resource.com
Outline
 2-4 Shell and tube heat exchanger
 Why we use it ?
 Problem 8.1
Problem Statement
 33,114 lb/hr of n-butyl alcohol at 210 0F is to be
cooled to 105 0F using water from 95 to 115 0F.
Available for the purpose is a 19¼ in. ID, two-
pass shell exchanger with 204 tubes ¾. OD , 16
BWG, 16’0’’ long on 1-in .square pitch arranged
for four passes. Vertically cut baffles are spaced
7 in. apart. Pressure drops of 10psi are
allowable.
 What is the Dirt factor ?
SOLUTION
Data Available
Shell Side Data
 Inside Shell Diameter = 19¼ in

 Number of Passes = 2
 Baffle spacing = 7 in
 Baffle type = Vertically Cut
 Allowable Pressure Drop = 10psi
Data Available
Tube Side Data
 Outside Diameter of Tubes = ¾ in

 BWG = 16
 Length of tubes = 16’0’’
 Tubes Pitch = 1 in. Square
 Number of tubes = 204
 Number of tube passes = 4
 Allowable Pressure Drop = 10psi
Location of Fluids
Tube Side Fluid
 As water has more scaling tendency than
n-butyl alcohol that is why it is taken in
tube side
Shell Side Fluid

 n-butyl alcohol certainly
Data Available
Hot Fluid (n-butyl alcohol)
 Inlet temperature (T1) = 210 0F
 Outlet temperature (T2) = 105 0F
 Mass Flow rate (mh) = 33114 lb/hr
Cold Fluid (Water)

 Inlet temperature (t1) = 95 0F
 Outlet temperature (t2) = 115 0F
Diagram
mh = 33114 lb/hr
 (n-butyl alcohol) 210 0F 105 0F
 (Water) 115 0F 95 0F
T1
1
Tx
Temperature Profile t2 4 2
T2
3
2
t1 1
L
Step #1
Heat Duty
 Qh = mhCph(T1 - T2) (1)

 mh = 33,114 lb/hr
 Cph = 0.69 Btu/lboF (from fig.2)
 Qh = 33114*(0.69)*(210-105) Btu/hr
= 2399109.3 Btu/hr
Step # 1 contd.
 Mass flow rate of water
 As Qh = Qc
 mc = Qh / {Cpw*(t2 – t1)}
= 2399109.3 / {1*(115 - 95)}
= 119955.46 lb/hr
Step # 2
LMTD Calculation
 (n-butyl alcohol) 210 0F 105 0F
 (Water) 115 0F 95 0F
 LMTD = (T1-t2) – (T2-t1)
ln(T1-t2)/(T2-t1)
= (210 – 115 ) – (105 - 95)
ln(210 – 115 )/(105 - 95)
= 37.75 0F
True temperature Difference
 Δt = FT * LMTD
 R = T1 – T2 = 210 - 105
t2 – t1 115 – 95
= 5.25
 S = t2 – t1 = 115 - 95
T1 – t1 210 – 95
= 0.174
 FT = 0.95 (from fig 19)
 Δt = 0.95 * 37.75 = 35.860F
Step # 3
Tc and tc
 These liquids are not viscous and the
viscosity correction will be negligible
 (μ/μw)s = (μ/μw)t = 1
 Average temperatures can be used
Step # 4a
Shell Side Calculations
 Hot Fluid (n-butyl alcohol)
 Flow area (as) = I.D*C*B
n*PT*144
 as = (19.25)*(.25)*(7)
(2)*(1)*144
 = 0.117 ft2
Step # 5a
 Mass velocity
 Gs = W/as
= 33114
0.117
= 283025.6 lb/hr.ft2
Step # 6a
 Reynold Number Res
 Res = De * Gs / μ
 De = 4*(PT2 – (3.14/4)*do2)
3.14 * do
= 4 * (12 – (3.14/4)*0.752)
3.14 * 0.75
= 0.95/12 = 0.0789ft
from figure 14
μ = 1cp * 2.42 = 2.42
 Re = 9356
Step # 7a
jH Factor
from figure 28
 jH = 54
Step # 8a
 ho = jH * (k / De) * (C μ / k)1/3
from Table 4
 k = 0.096 Btu/ft.0F
 ho = 54*(0.096 / 0.0789)*(0.69*2.42/0.096)1/3
= 170 Btu / hr.ft2.0F
Step # 4b
Tube Side Calculations
 Tubes flow area
from Table 10
 at = 0.302 in2 / tube
= 204 * (0.302) / (144 * 4)
= 0.1069 ft2
Step # 5b
 Mass velocity Gt
 Gt = w/at
= 119955.46
0.1069
= 1122127.78 lb / hr ft2
Tube Side Velocity
 V = Gt / p
= 1122127.78
62.5 *3600
= 4.987 fps
OR
= 1.52 ms-1
Step # 6b
 Reynold Number Ret
 Ret = di * Gt / μ
from figure 17
μ = 0.7 * 2.42 = 1.694 lb / ft hr
from table 10
 di = 0.620 in = 0.0516 ft
 Ret = 34180.5
Step # 7b
 Tube side heat transfer coefficient hi
from Figure 25
 hi = 1240 Btu / hr ft2 0F
 hio = 1240 * ID / OD
= 1240 * 0.620 / 0.75
= 1025 Btu / hr ft2 0F
Step # 8
 Clean Overall Coefficient Uc
 Uc = hio * ho
hio + ho
= 145.8 Btu / hr ft2 0F
Step # 9
 Design Overall Coefficient UD
from Fourier Equation
 UD = Q/A. Δt
From Table 10
 a’’ = 0.1963 *ft2/ lin. Ft
A = 204 * 0.1963 * 16
= 640.72 ft2
 UD = 2399109.3 / 640.72 * 35.86
= 104.47 Btu / hr . Ft2 .0F
Step # 10
 Rd = Uc-Ud
Uc*Ud
= 145.8 - 104.47
145.8 * 104.47
= .0027 hr ft2 0F/Btu
Step # 11a
 Pressure drop: (on shell side
 For Res= 9356

 (from fig.29)
f=0.0035 ft2/in.2
 No of crosses, N+1=12L/B
N+1=(12 × 16)/7
N+1=27.42 ( Say,28)
 Ds=19.25 in./12
Ds=1.604 ft
s=? engineering-resource.com
Step # 11a
Step # 11a
Step # 11a
 ∆Ps = f×Gs2×Ds×(N+1)
5.22×1010×De×s×Φs
∆Ps =0.0035× 283025.6 2×1.604×28
5.22×1010× 0.0789ft ×?×1
∆Ps =7.0psi (allowable=10psi
Step # 11b
 Pressure drop: (on tube side)
 Ret = 34180.5(from fig.26)
f=0.0002ft2/in.2
∆Pt=(f×Gt2×L×n)/(5.22×1010×Ds×Φt)
∆Pt= 4 psi
Gt=973500,v2/2g=0.13 (from fig.)
∆Pr=(4×n×v2)/(2g×s)
∆Pr=3.2 psi
∆PT=∆Pt+∆Pr=7.2psi(allowable=10psi)
Step # 11b

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2-4 Shell and Tube

 What is the Dirt factor ?

 Inside Shell Diameter = 19¼ in

 Outside Diameter of Tubes = ¾ in

Shell Side Fluid

Cold Fluid (Water)

 (n-butyl alcohol) 210 0F 105 0F

 Qh = mhCph(T1 - T2) (1)

 Average temperatures can be used

= 145.8 Btu / hr ft2 0F

 Pressure drop: (on shell side

 For Res= 9356

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