Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By;
M.Safar
Integrated Waste Management
Integrated waste management is a system
of waste disposal that includes separating materials
according to type, and finding the best used for discarded
products, which may or may not include depositing in a
landfill.
• Waste hierarchy
IWM BASED ON THE 3R APPROACH
The 3 R's
The Environmental Protection Agency has determined a
three approach for managing solid waste. Each of these
should be practiced to reduce the amount material headed
for final disposal. They are in order of importance:
• Borrow, rent or share things you don't use often (e.g. tools).
IWM BASED ON THE 3R APPROACH
• Use cloth instead of paper towels.
Benefits Of Reduce
• Manufacturing processes typically produce a range of
solid wastes. Depending on the type of products being
manufactured, solid wastes can include:
• metal (off cuts, faulty products, packaging)
• Reuse boxes.
• Use reusable containers for food instead of disposable boxes,
plastic wrap, or sandwich bags.
Community Benefits
Reuse continues to provide an excellent way in
which to get people the food, clothing, building
materials, business equipment, medical supplies
and other items that they desperately need.
History:
• Recycling has been a common practice for most of
human history, with recorded advocates as far back
as Plato in 400 BC.
Benefits of Recycling
• Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become
waste into valuable resources.
• Mill broke is paper trimmings and other paper scrap from the
manufacture of paper, and is recycled internally in a paper
mill.
Cleaning
• After screening, the pulp is cleaned through a process that involves
spinning it in a centrifuge-like device. The purpose of cleaning is to
remove any additional contaminants that may not have been picked up
during the screening process.
• According to the Environmental Protection Agency, a certain percentage
of contaminants are allowed to remain, depending on the type of paper
that is being produced.
Paper recycling
De-inking
• After cleaning, the pulp will undergo a de-inking process,
designed to remove any remaining printing ink or sticky residues.
• Smaller ink particles are generally able to be washed from the
pulp, while larger particles may need to be removed through a
flotation process, which allows ink and residue to rise to the top.
Refining
• The refining process involves beating the pulp to make the fibers
swell so they can be used in paper making and separating them
into individual fibers.
• The paper may also need to be bleached or color stripped at this
stage to remove dyes and make the paper whiter.
Paper recycling
Paper Making
• Once the pulp is clean, the paper making process begins. The
pulp is mixed with water and chemicals and then sprayed onto
a wide, flat screen which moves through the paper machine.
• Once the pulp is on the screen, the water begins to drain and
the fibers begin to bond to one another.
Reff: http://www.livestrong.com/article/138653-what-are-major-
steps-recycling
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