Angiology

Sanqiang Pan
Department of Anatomy
Medical College of Jinan University
 Section four the veins
I. Introduction
• Definition: carry blood towards the heart
• Venous valve
• Superfical veins
• Deep veins
Venous valve Varicosis
II. The pulmonary veins

four in number → right superior and inferior

pulmonary v. , left superior and inferior
pulmonary v.
 III. The systemic veins
include three groups:
a. superior vena cava and its tributaries,
b. inferior vena cava and its tributaries,
c. veins of heart
 Brachiocephalic vein

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Hepatic portal vein

 (I) The superior vena cava and its tributaries

1. Superior vena cava

2. Brachiocephalic (innominate) veins
a. internal jugular v.← facial v.(dangerous area of face)
retromandibular v.
b. subclavian v. ← external jugular v.
• venous angle
Facial vein
Retromandibular vein

Internal carotid vein

 c. The veins of upper limb
1. Superficial v.
• cephalic v.: arise from dorsal venous rete of hand
• basilic v.
• median cubital v.
2. Deep v.
accompany the arteries which are similarly named
3 The azygos v. ←hemiazygos v.
accessory hemizygos v.
 (II) The inferior vena cava and its tributaries

1. Inferior vena cava

2. Common iliac v.
a. internal iliac v.
parietal tributaries
visceral tributaries
b.external iliac v.
 3.The veins of lower limb
1) The superficial v.
• great saphenous v.: from dorsal venous arch of foot,
has 5 tributaries
• small saphenous v.

2) The deep v. :
accompany the arteries which are similarly named
3 The tributaries of the inferior vena cava
a. parietal tributaries
b. visceral tributaries
• testicular v. (ovarian v. in the female) ← the
pampiniform plexus. Left drains into the left renal v.
• renal v.
• suprarenal v.:left drains into the left renal v.
• hepatic v.
4. Hepatic portal vein
a. Formation: splenic v. and superior mesenteric v. behind
the neck of pancreas.
b. Collection: blood from unpaired organs except liver
c. The tributaries of the hepatic portal v.
• superior mesenteric v.
• inferior mesenteric v.
• splenic v.
• left and right gastric v.
• paraumbilical v.
 Splenic vein

Portal vein

Superior mesenteric vein

Inferior mesenteric vein
d. Anastomoses between the hepatic portal venous
system and the vena cava

1. Hepatic portal v. →left gastric v. →esophageal

venous plexus→esophageal v. →azygos v. →sup.
vena cava
2. Hepatic portal v. →inf. mesenteric v. →sup. rectal v.
→rectal venous plexus →inf. rectal and anal v.
→internal iliac v. → common iliac v. →inf. vena cava
3. Hepatic portal v. →paraumbilical v. →periumbilical
venous network →
① thoracoepigastric and sup. epigastric v. →sup.
vena cava
② superficial and inf. epigastric v. →inf. vena cava
4.Hepatic portal v. →small tributaries of the superior
and inferior mesenteric v. → small tributaries of the
posterior intercostals v.,inferior phrenic v., renal
v.and testicular v. →sup. and inf. vena cavae

5. Hepatic portal v. →small tributaries of the superior

and inferior mesenteric v. → vertebral venous
plexus→small tributaries of the posterior intercostals
v., lumbar v. →sup. and inf. vena cavae
E. Clinical anatomy
Portal hypertension
• Obstructed by cirrhosis of liver, tumor of liver
• Results in esophageal hemorrhage, retal
hemorrage and “caput medusae” of the
umbilicus
Varicose veins Caput medusae