ASE 341 – Aerodynamics I

Lecturer: Uğur Karban

karban@metu.edu.tr Room R-215

Sample Questions
 Consider a flow field with the stream function

 What is the velocity potential?

 The first thing to check is irrotationality!!!

this is not a potential flow!!!

2 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Question: Consider a cylinder with a radius of 20 cm
exposed to a free stream,V∞ = 10 m/s i in an inviscid,
incompressible environment.
 Find the stream function for the flow around the cylinder.
(Hint: Use cylindrical coordinates)

3 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Stream function

0.2
10

4 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Question: Consider a cylinder with a radius of 20 cm
exposed to a free stream,V∞ = 10 m/s i in an inviscid,
incompressible environment.
 What is the maximum velocity in the flow field? At which point
is it observed?

5 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Maximum velocity in the flow field
 It should be on the surface of the cylinder!!!

6 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Question: Consider a cylinder with a radius of 20 cm
exposed to a free stream,V∞ = 10 m/s i in an inviscid,
incompressible environment.
 Given the definition of pressure coefficient as

where is the dynamic pressure of the free

stream, find the pressure coefficient distribution over the
cylinder.

7 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Pressure distribution
 We use Bernoulli Equation for this

8 1-Apr-19
Flow around a cylinder
 Pressure distribution

9 1-Apr-19
Flow around a half body
 Consider a 2-D half body formed by superposing a
uniform flow V∞ a source of strength ‘q’ at the origin of
the x-y coordinate system
 Write the potential function in the Cartesian and polar
coordinates
 Write the stream function in the Cartesian and polar
coordinates
 Calculate the location of the stagnation point and the value of
the stream function at the stagnation point
 Calculate the thickness of the body at the source location
 Calculate the thickness of the body at infinity

10 1-Apr-19
Flow around a half-body
 The potential function source

11 1-Apr-19
Flow around a half-body
 The stream function source

12 1-Apr-19
Flow around a half-body
 The position of the stagnation point source

13 1-Apr-19
Flow around a half-body
 Stream function at the S.P. source

 Thickness of the body at the source location

 Thickness of the body at infinity

14 1-Apr-19
A list of elementary flows

15 1-Apr-19
Method of images
 How do we simulate the wall effect?
 We use method of images!

16 1-Apr-19
Method of images
 Sample configurations for various wall flows

17 1-Apr-19
Net force on a cylinder exposed to uniform
flow
 The pressure coefficient on the surface of a cylinder
bottom half top half

rear half
18 1-Apr-19
Net force on a cylinder exposed to uniform
flow
 How do we find the net force applied on the cylinder?

Force perpendicular to the free stream

Force parallel to the free stream

19 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 What if we rotate the cylinder?

cw

(+) for ccw, (-) for cw rotation

20 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 The velocity field around the rotating cylinder

checking the BCs

21 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 The first BC

 The second BC

0 0 0

22 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 The stagnation points

23 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 The stagnation points

24 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 The stagnation points

-1

25 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 Pressure distribution
 We again use Bernoulli Equation

26 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 Net force on the rotating cylinder

Lift force

0 0
0

27 1-Apr-19
Flow around a rotating cylinder
 Net force on the rotating cylinder

Magnus Effect

Kutta-Joukowsky Condition

28 1-Apr-19
Lifting flow around an arbitrary body
 Kutta-Joukowsky theorem holds for any body interacting
with a potential flow
 Lift force acting on an arbitrary body can be computed by
calculating the circulation around the body

29 1-Apr-19
Quiz problem
 In a world with very low viscous effects,
people were using rotating cylinders to
measure the direction and the strength
of winds as shown in the figure, where
point A is a frictionless ball-joint.
 What should be the speed and the
direction of the wind if the cylinder
rotating at 100 rpm and is made of a
material with a density of 0.7 g/cm3?
 What is the maximum wind speed this
device can measure?
 Hint: The flow around the cylinder can be
approximated to be a summation of
uniform, doublet and vortex flows using
potential theory.

30 1-Apr-19