INFILL WALL

INFILL WALL
Infill walling is the generic name given to
a panel that is built in between the floors
of the primary structural frame of a
building and provides support for
the cladding system.
Infill walls are considered to be non-load
bearing, ALTHOUGH they resist wind
loads applied to it, also support their own
weight and that of the cladding.
 INFILL WALL
The term 'cladding' refers to components
that are attached to the primary structure
of a building to form non-structural,
external surfaces. This is as opposed to
buildings in which the external surfaces
are formed by structural elements, such
as masonry walls.
 INFILL WALL

Pre-fabricated light steel Site assembled light Pre-fabricated light

infill wall panels in a steel walls in a steel steel wall panels
steel framed building framed building
 INFILL WALL
 Types of infill walling
Based on Materials
Various forms of construction can be
employed to create infill walls that span
between floors in steel or concrete
buildings. Traditionally, infill walls
used masonry or timber, but the modern
form of construction uses light steel C
sections that span between the floors
and around openings.
 INFILL WALL
 Types of infill walling
Based on Method of Construction
1. Single leaf wall
2. Cavity wall
3. Veneer wall
 INFILL WALL
 Types of infill walling
Based on Method of Construction

 Single leaf wall

A wall without a cavity or continuous vertical
joint in its plane.
 INFILL WALL
 Types of infill walling
Based on Method of Construction
 Cavity wall
A wall consisting of two parallel single-
leaf walls, effectively tied together with wall
ties or bed jointreinforcement. The space be
tween the leaves is left as a continuous cavit
y or filled or partially filled with non
loadbearing thermal insulating material.
INFILL WALL
INFILL WALL
 INFILL WALL
 Types of infill walling
Based on Method of Construction
 Cavity wall
A wall consisting of two leaves separated by
a cavity, where one of the
leaves is not contributing to the strength or
stiffness of the other (possibly loadbearing) l
eaf, is to be regarded as a
veneer wall.
 INFILL WALL
 Types of infill walling
Based on Method of Construction
 Veneer wall
A wall used as a facing but not bonded or
contributing to the strength of the backing
wall or framed structure.
INFILL WALL
 INFILL WALL
 Masonry infill walls
Walls constructed from clay bricks or
concrete blocks are the traditional form of
infill wall construction. However, the use of
block-work infill walls has reduced in recent
years because it is a messy and time
consuming site operation, and requires a
large amount of materials handling.
INFILL WALL
 INFILL WALL
 Concrete infill walls
Concrete infill walls are generally in the form
of large precast concrete panels that are
storey high and often of a width dictated by
the column spacing. They typically bear onto
the floor slab and are bolted back to the
structure on the level above or below.

.
 INFILL WALL
 Concrete infill walls

Pre-cast concrete infill wall panels

 INFILL WALL
 Timber framed infill walls
Timber infill walls use standard timber
sections of 90 and 140mm depth to span 2.4
to 3.6m between floors and are similar in
form to light steel infill walls. Timber
sections are cut to length and are placed at
400 mm or 600 mm spacing. The
disadvantage of timber in comparison to
steel is that it is not as strong and it is not
possible to use it in tall walls or in walls with
large openings.
INFILL WALL
 INFILL WALL
 Light steel framed infill walls
In multi-storey framed construction, it is
now common practice to use light steel infill
walls to create a rapid dry envelope to
support the external cladding.The same
form of construction may be used as
separating or compartment walls between
different parts of the building.
INFILL WALL
 INFILL WALL
 Light steel framed infill walls may be
applied to steel or concrete framed
construction. Light weight, speed and
ease of installation are important
constructional benefits that have led to
the rapid increase in use of this form of
construction
 INFILL WALL
 The light steel components used in infill
walls consists of C sections and U
sections of 75 to 150 mm depth that are
cold roll-formed from galvanized steel
strip of 1.2 to 3.2 mm thickness specified
to BS EN 10346[1]. The galvanizing (zinc
layer) provides excellent durability. The C
sections are placed at 400 or 600mm
spacing and pairs of C sections may be
used next to large openings.
INFILL WALL
 INFILL WALL
 Wall panels can be pre-fabricated as
storey-high units or, more often, are site
assembled from C sections that are
delivered cut-to-length.The second
approach is often the only solution in
renovation applications where tolerances
in the original construction have to be
accommodated
 INFILL WALL
 Infill walls consist of a bottom ‘track’
attached to the floor and a top ‘track’
attached to the underside of the floor
above. The top track is a U section and
allows for sliding of the vertical studs and
height adjustment.
 INFILL WALL
 The vertical C sections are designed to
span 2.4 to 5m between floors, and to
resist wind loads or other loads in
bending. The horizontal C sections above
and below the windows transfer loads
back to the vertical C sections. One or two
layers of ‘fire-resistant’ plasterboard
(conforming to BS EN 520, Type F) to the
internal face provide for up to 90
minutes fire resistance to the light steel
infill wall.
 CURTAIN WALL
 A curtain wall is any exterior wall that is
attached to the building structure and
which does not carry the floor or roof
loads of the building.
 The name “curtain wall” derives from the
idea that the wall is thin and “hangs” like
a curtain on the structural frame.
 CURTAIN WALL
 It is also known as the double skin curtain
wall.
 It is a modern large and tall building with the
decorative effect of the light wall.The
structural framework and mosaic sheet is
formed and it doesn't assume the main
structure load and effect of building envelope
structure.
 CURTAIN WALL
 It is the use of a variety of strong, lightweight,
beautiful building materials to replace
traditional masonry or window wall with
exterior wall construction method.
 It is surrounded on the main structure of
peripheral so that the entire building can
achieve beautiful, versatile and safe wall
method.
 In short, the building is put on a beautiful
dress
 CURTAIN WALL
 Designed to resist wind and rain
 accommodate building drift and seismic
movements
 Skin of the building
 Seperator between interior and outdoor
environments
 curtain walls are often defined as thin,
usually aluminum-framed walls containing
in-fills of glass, metal panels, or thin
stone.
 CURTAIN WALL

BUILDING USED CURTAIN WALL

 INFILL PANELS WALL
 Infill panel is fixing between structure
in the framed structure,are
lightweight and usually glazed to give
good internal natural day lighting
conditions and are distinct from
claddings and facing.
INFILL PANEL WALL
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 The panel layout can be so arranged
to expose some or all of the structural
members creating various optical
impressions. For example, if
horizontal panels are used, leaving
only the beams exposed, an illusion
of extra length and/or reduced height
can be created.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 The design need of infill panel walls
are:
1) lightweight
2) resistance to fire
3) heat loss
4) high durability
5) rigid
6) less maintenance
7) sound penetration
8) interstitial condensation
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 A wide variety of materials or
combinations of materials can be
employed such as timber, steel,
aluminum and plastic. Double-glazing
techniques can be used to achieve
the desired sound or thermal
insulation. The glazing module should
be such that a reasonable thickness
of glass can be specified.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 The jointing problem with infill panels
occur mainly at its junction with the
structural frame and allowance for
moisture or thermal movement is
usually achieved by using a suitable
mastic or sealant.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 Most infill panels are supplied as a
manufacturer’s modular system, since
purpose-made panels can be
uneconomic, but whichever method is
chosen the design aims remain
constant; that is, to provide a panel
which fulfils all the required functions
and has a low long-term maintenance
factor.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 It should be noted that many of the
essentially curtain-walling systems
are adaptable as infill panels which
gives the designer a wide range of
systems from which to select the
most suitable.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 One of the maintenance problems
encountered with infill panels and
probably to a lesser extent with the
concrete cladding, is the cleaning of
the façade and in particular the
glazing.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 All buildings collect dirt, the effects of
which can vary with the material:
concrete and masonry tend to accept
dirt and weather natural, whereas
impervious materials such as metals
and glass do not accept and can
corrode or become less efficient.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 If glass is allowed to become coated
with dirt its visual appearance is less
acceptable, its optical performance
lessens since clarity of vision is
reduced and the useful penetration of
natural daylight diminishes.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 The number of times that cleaning
will be necessary depends largely
upon the area, ranging from three-
monthly intervals in non-industrial
areas to six-weekly intervals in areas
with a high pollution factor.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 Non-load Bearing Brick Panel Walls ~
these are used in conjunction
with framed structures as an infill
between the beams and columns.
They are constructed in the same
manner as ordinary brick walls
with the openings being formed by
traditional methods.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 Basic Requirements of Non-load
Bearing Brick Panel Walls
1. To be adequately supported by and
tied to the structural frame.
2. Have sufficient strength to support
own self weight plus any attached
finishes and imposed loads such as wind
pressures.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
3. Provide the necessary resistance to
penetration by the natural elements.
4. Provide the required degree of
thermal insulation, sound insulation and
fire resistance.
5. Have sufficient durability to reduce
maintenance costs to a minimum.
6. Provide for movements due to moisture
and thermal expansion of
the panel and for contraction of the frame.
INFILL PANELS WALL
 INFILL PANELS WALL
 Functional Requirements of all forms
of infill panel should be designed and
constructed to fulfil the following
functional requirements:-
1. Self supporting between structural
framing members.
2. Provide resistance to the penetration
of the elements.
3. Provide resistance to positive and
negative wind pressures.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
4. Give the required degree of thermal
insulation.
5. Give the required degree of sound
insulation.
6. Give the required degree of fire
resistance.
7. Have sufficient openings to provide
the required amount of natural
ventilation.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
8. Have sufficient glazed area to fulfil
the natural daylight and vision out
requirements.
9. Be economic in the context of
construction and maintenance.
10. Provide for any differential
movements between panel and
structural frame.
 INFILL PANELS WALL
8. Have sufficient glazed area to fulfil
the natural daylight and vision out
requirements.
9. Be economic in the context of
construction and maintenance.
10. Provide for any differential
movements between panel and
structural frame.
 CLADDING
 Is the visible external finish of a
building,such as roof or external
walls.Cladding is often prefabricated
in panels that attached to the
structuralframe of the building,it is a
non structural external finish however
can play as a structural role
transferring wind loads,impact loads
and self weight back to the structural
framework.
 STRUCTURAL GLAZING/
FRAMELESS GLAZING
 It is a system of toughened glass
cladding without the visual impact of
surface fixings and supporting
components.Unlike curtain walling,the
self-weight of the glass and wind
loads are carried by the glass itself
and transferred to a subsidiary
lightweight support structure behind
the glazing.