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Neeraj Chowdhary
15B81A04N9
WHAT IS DNA DIGITAL DATA STORAGE ?
• Source data in form of binary bits (0 and 1) was converted to a tertiary bit code
(0, 1 and 2) to decrease chances of encoding errors.
• Following the conversion, the digital data is encoded into the nucleobases of
DNA.
• By altering the positions of nucleobases A,T,G and C, the tertiary code can be
mapped onto the nucleobases codes, thus making a repetitive blocks of nucleobases
that encode data.
• The encoded DNA then can be sequenced and read back to tertiary and then to
binary data using technologies similar to those used to map the human
genome.
A
PRACTIC AL
EXAMPLE
Figure 5: A View of
the Entire Process
EXAMPLE
Speed: Speed is low. The fastest current technology can sequence (read)
DNA on the order of about 1 billion bases per hour. Synthesis (write) is
even slower and more expensive as well. This is extremely slow compared
to modern storage media but would be suitable for long term data storage.
• They are both prone to error and relatively slow. For example, today’s DNA
synthesis lets us write a few hundred bytes per second; a modern hard drive can
write hundreds of millions of bytes per second.
• These are significant challenges, but we are optimistic because all the relevant
technologies are improving rapidly.
• Further, DNA data storage doesn’t need the perfect accuracy that biology requires,
so researchers are likely to find even cheaper and faster ways to store information
in nature’s oldest data storage system.
A STORY TO END THE SEMINAR
• In January 21, 2015, Nick Goldman from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI),
announced the Davos Bitcoin Challenge at the World Economic Forum annual meeting
in Davos.
• During his presentation, DNA-tubes were handed out to the audience with the
message that each tube contained the private key of exactly one bitcoin, all coded in
DNA.
• The first one to sequence and decode the DNA could claim the bitcoin and win the
challenge. The challenge was set for three years and would close if nobody claimed the
prize before January 21, 2018.
A STORY TO END THE SEMINAR
• Almost three years later on January 19, 2018, the EBI announced that a Belgian
PhD student, Sander Wuyts of the University of Antwerp, was the first one to
complete the challenge.
• Next to the instructions on how to claim the bitcoin (stored as a plain text
and pdf file), the logo of the EBI, the logo of the company that printed the
DNA (Custom Array) and a sketch of James Joyce were retrieved from the
DNA.