Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IN MEDICINE
S P RAO
WHY p?
Deduction Deduction
Induction Induction
Cough Fever Rash Angina Splenomegaly - 5% 0% 5% 10% 15%
ASA,2010
SEDUCTIVE CERTAINTY OF SIGNIFICANCE
S tatistical
H ypothesis
I nference
T esting
EXAMPLE
√ H0 Not √ Type II
Not Guilty Error Error
Rejected
STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE p VALUE
• Inter-individual variation
• Data-dredging
• Snooping
• Fishing
• Significance-chasing
• Double-dipping
• P-hacking
INTERPRETATION OF p >0.05
Positive Negative
Myself 3 4 7
Expert 7 0 7
P value= o.07
BAYES THEOREM
• Effect size
• Confidence interval
Believe