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Hardware & Software

Dr. Noor Mustafa Khan


Hardware
 Hardware is a comprehensive term for all of the physical parts of a
computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on.
 Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and
related devices.
 Internal hardware devices include;
 Motherboards,
 Hard drives, and
 RAM.

 External hardware devices include;


 Monitors,
 Keyboards,
 Mice,
 Printers, and
 Scanners.
Hardware

 Computer equipment that cause processing of data are called computer


hardware.
 Hardware causes the input, output and processing operations of data.
 Software cannot run without hardware.
 We can see and touch the hardware.
 Size of hardware decreasing with the passage of time.
 Hardware can be replaced when needed.
Important Hardware used in Libraries

 Computing Technology
 Desktop Computers
 Laptops
 PC Tablets
 Reprographic Devices
 Printers
 Photocopiers
 Input Capture Devices
 Scanners
 Video Cameras
 Network Devices
 Modem
 Cables for networking
 Switches
 Routers
 Web cam
 Storage Devices
 CD-ROMS
 DVD
 USB
 External Hard drive
Software

 Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs.


Related terms such as software programs, applications, scripts, and
instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software.
 Software means computer instructions or data. Anything that can be
stored electronically is software.
 Software can be difficult to describe because it is "virtual," or not
physical like computer hardware. Instead, software consists of lines of
code written by computer programmers that have been compiled into a
computer program. Software programs are stored as binary data that is
copied to a computer's hard drive, when it is installed. Since software is
virtual and does not take up any physical space, it is much easier (and
often cheaper) to upgrade than computer hardware.
Types of Software

 Software is often divided into two categories.


 Systems software
 Operating system
 Windows
 Linux
 Dos Base

 Application Software
 Word processors
 Spreadsheets
 Database Management System
Software used for Library operations

 Cataloguing and Retrieval


 LIMS
 WINISIS
 Koha Integrated Library Software
 Virtua Library Software (VTLS)
 Organization (Classification)
 EDDC
 Metadata
 MARC
 Z 39.50
 Digital Library Software
 Green Stone Digital Library Software
 D-Space
Queries?

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