TASK - 1

THIN BITUMINOUS SURFACING

AND
OPEN GRADED PREMIX CARPET

Presented By, Submitted To,

BHARANYA J Mr.SHRIRAM P MARATHE
18ct05 ASST.PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEPT. OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NMAMIT 2018-19

Thin Bituminous Surfacing
Objects:
Thin bituminous surface course is laid over
the base course to prevent the entry of surface
water into the pavement layers during rains,
wearing course and dust free pavement surface.
Types Of Thin Bituminous Surfacing
1. Surface Dressing

2. Open Graded Pre-mixed Bituminous Carpet

3. Mixed Seal Surface

Bituminous Surface Dressing
General Features:
Surface dressing work consists of
application of suitable grade of bitumen or
emulsion by spraying over a prepared base course
or existing pavement surface followed by spreading
specified size of hard aggregates at the
recommended rate and rolling.
The BSD is a cost effective
surface, dust free, impermeable pavement, arrests
disintegration of pavement and non-skid riding
surface.
Types Of Surface Dressing
i)Single-coat surface dressing:
It is application of bituminous binder material,
spreading
of aggregate cover and rolling.
ii)Two-coat surface dressing:
It is formed by first layer of spraying binder, spreading
cover aggregate and spreading, over the first compacted
layer, second layer binder sprayed, cover aggregate is
spread and rolled.
Thin Bituminous Surface Dressing Materials
1) Bitumen Binder:
i. S-90 or VG-10:
 Bitumen binder S-90 having penetration value 80-100 is
used.
 The spraying temperature from 165 to 2000C.
 The specified rate of application of binder for surface
dressing work are 1.2, 1.0 and 0.9 kg per m2 area.
ii. Cationic Bituminous Emulsion:
 Rapid grade of cationic bituminous emulsion having
minimum bitumen content of 65% by weight is used.
 The spraying temperature from 50 to 800C.
 The specified rate of application of emulsion binder for
surface work are 1.8, 1.5 and 1.3 kg per m2 area.
2) Aggregates:
 Hard variety of crushed stone or crushed gravel is used as
cover material for surface dressing.
 The physical requirements of aggregates as specified by
IRC are:
Los Angles abrasion value <40%
Aggregate impact value <30%
Combined flakiness and elongation index <30%
Stripping value <5%
Loss with magnesium sulphate, 5 cycles <18%
Water absorption <1%
Polished stone value >60%
 The road carrying more number of commercial vehicle
recommends nominal size of aggregate is 13mm hard
• surface and 19mm normal surface.
 The road carrying lesser number of commercial vehicle
recommends nominal size of aggregates is 10mm and
6mm.
 The specified rate of application of cover aggregates are
0.015, 0.010 and .008 m3 per m2 area for nominal size of
aggregates used are 19,13 and 10mm.
 Single size aggregate is preferred but graded aggregates are
used for surface dressing.
 The grading requirements of aggregates are given in table
8.8
Construction steps for surface dressing:
i. The receiving surface dressing is laid on patching pot-holes,
filling up depressions, correcting cross slope and compacting
well.
ii. The surface dressing work carried out for bitumen binder
during dry weather with surface dry and atmospheric
temperature is >160C. And for bituminous emulsion binder
carried out damp without free water and temperature >100C
iii. The surface is cleaned with a mechanical broom to remove
loose materials and dust.
iv. Prime coat is applied and cure fully for granular base course;
For existing bituminous surface neither prime nor tack coat is
applied.
v. The specified grade of bitumen binder is heated to specified
temperature and sprayed uniformly using mechanical sprayer
at specified rate and similarly emulsion binder.
 .

vi. The selected aggregate is spread uniformly using a

mechanical grit spreader at specified rate.
vii. The entire surface is rolled using a pneumatic tyred roller.
viii. The surface finish checked using a 3-metre straight edge
in longitudinal direction along center.
ix. The opening to traffic for binder on next day; for
emulsion binder after minimum of 24hrs.
Quality control tests during the construction of
surface dressing:
i. The sample of aggregates collected for surface dressing are
subjected to specified test in the lab to decide suitability.
ii. The grading of aggregates of selected nominal size is checked
to ensured using specified grade using Table8.8.
iii. The rate of application of binder for prime coat is checked.
iv. The selected bitumen binder is subjected lab tests to assure.
v. The temperature of application of bitumen binder is checked
vi. The three metal plates and weighing used to check spraying.
vii. The rate of application of aggregates as cover is checked.
viii. The finished surface dressing layer is checked using 3-m
straight edge.
Open Graded Premix Carpet
General Features:
It consists of coarse aggregate premix with suitable type and
grade bituminous binder, spread and compacted followed by
application of seal coat.
Two types of seal coat applied over open graded premix carpet
1. Type-A seal coat called liquid seal coat
2. Type-B seal coat called premixed seal coat
Materials:
1. Bituminous Binder:
 Bitumen binder or modified bituminous binder of penetration
grades 80-100, 60-70 or 30-40 are used.
 The quantity of bitumen binder is 1.4kg/10m2 area.
 Type-A is 9.8kg/10m2.
 Type-B is 6.8kg/10m2.
Aggregates:
 Angular fragments of clean and hard variety of crushed stone or
crushed gravel is used as coarse aggregates.
 0.18m3 aggregates of nominal size 13.2mm & 0.09m3 of 11.2mm.
 The physical requirements of aggregates as specified by IRC:
Los Angles abrasion value <40%
Aggregate impact value <30%
Flakiness index <25%
Stripping value <10%
Loss with magnesium sulphate, 5 cycles <12%
Water absorption <2%
Polished stone value >55%
 Type-A is 0.09m3of fine aggregates of nominal size 6.7mm is used
per10m2area of seal coat to be applied over the premix carpet layer.
 Type-B is 0.06m3 of fine aggregates passing 2.36mm & retained on
0.18mm sieve is used per 10m2 area for the preparation of premixed
sand seal coat to be applied over the premix carpet layer.
 Construction steps for open graded premix carpet:
i. The surface is prepared by patching pot-holes and filling up.
ii. The work is taken up during dry weather and temp >100C.
iii. The surface is cleaned with a mechanical broom.
iv. For granular base course, prime coat is applied and cure fully; For
existing bituminous surface is not need to apply.
v. Tack coat of emulsion is applied for granular and existing surface.
vi. The premix of coarse aggregates and bitumen binder is prepared in
a mixing plant.
vii. The premix is spread at site by mechanical or manually in temp.
viii. Rolling is carried out using smooth wheeled tandem roller.
ix. The two types of seal coats is applied immediately after rolling.
x. The finished surface is checked using 3m straight edge.
xi. No traffic is allowed for 24hr after application and final rolling.
Application of ‘Type-A’ seal coat:
 After the final rolling of OGPC, the bituminous binder heated is
sprayed uniformly over the compacted surface with self
propelled
 The clean & dry stone aggregates is applied after binder using
grit spreader.
 The rolling is done using smooth tandem roller. Additional stone
chips are spread by hand to makeup irregularities.
 After final rolling, traffic is opened on the next day.
Application of ‘Type-B’ seal coat:
 The bitumen binder and fine aggregates is heated separately are
mixed in a suitable mixer.
 The premix is spread, compacted and rolled using smooth
wheeled roller.
 After final rolling, traffic is opened until temperature cools
down.
Quality control tests during the construction of open
graded premix carpet with seal:
i. The sample of coarse aggregates collected for
construction of PC are subjected to specified tests in
laboratory to decide the suitability.
ii. The grading of coarse aggregate for PC and fine
aggregate for seal coat is checked.
iii. The selected bitumen birder is subjected to specified
tests.
iv. The binder content of the premix is checked twice a day
by bitumen extraction test.
v. The average thickness of the PC before and after
compaction are checked at frequent intervals.
vi. After seal coat and rolling, the surface finish is checked
using a 3m straight edge.
Open graded premix carpet using cationic
bitumen emulsion:
 A cold premix of OGPC is prepared using cationic bitumen
emulsion and coarse aggregates in a cold mixing plant.
 The receiving surface is prepared and tack coat is applied.
 The premix is spread and compacted by rolling using
smooth wheel tandem roller.
 The seal coat is applied after 4 to 6hr after laying &
compact.
 Type-A is applied By spraying bitumen, spreading stone
chips and rolling using tandem roller.
 Type-B, fine aggregate is made wet & mixed with bitumen
emulsion. The mix is spread & compacted by rolling.
 Traffic is not allowed for 24hrs after the seal coat was laid.
Mixed Seal Surfacing or Close
graded premix surfacing:
General Features:
It is a thin bituminous surfacing and called close graded premix.
This consists of aggregates of specified gradation premixed with
a suitable grade of bitumen binder in a hot mix plant, spread and
compacted.
Materials:
1.Bitumen Binder:
a) VG-10
b) VG-20
c) VG-30
d) PMB, NRMB, CRMB.
2. Aggregates:
 Cubical and angular fragments of clean and hard of
crushed stone or gravel is used.
 The physical requirements of aggregates by IRC:
Los Angles abrasion value <40%
Aggregate impact value <30%
Flakiness index <25%
Adhesion: retained bitumen coating >95%
Loss with magnesium sulphate, 5 cycles <18%
Water absorption <1%
Soundness- loss with sodium sulphate,5cycles >12%
 The quantity of aggregate required is 10m2 area of MSS is
0.27m3 both for Type-A and Type-B grading.
.
Construction steps of mixed seal surfacing:
i. The surface is prepared by patching pot-holes and filling.
ii. Mss work taken up dry weather, free from fog, temp. >100C.
iii. The surface is cleaned with a mechanical broom.
iv. Prime coat for granular base; not needed for existing road.
v. Tack coat applied using heated VG-10 at rate 3 to 4 kg/ m2 .
vi. The premix is prepared in a hot mix plant using bitumen and
aggregate.
vii. The premix is spread by mechanical paver at specified temp.
viii. Rolling is carried out using smooth wheeled tandem roller.
ix. The finished surface is checked using a 3-m straight edge.
x. No traffic shall be allowed about 24hrs after laying.
Quality control tests during the construction of
mixed seal surfacing:
i. The samples of coarse aggregate collected for
construction of MSS are subjected to specified tests in a
laboratory to decide the suitability.
ii. The grading of the aggregates for the MSS is checked.
iii. The selected bitumen binder is subjected to specified
tests.
iv. The binder content of the premix is checked twice a day
by bitumen extraction test.
v. After the mix is spread, the average thickness of the MSS
layer before and after compaction are checked at frequent
intervals.
vi. After the final rolling, the surface finish is checked using
a 3m straight edge.
Thank You

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