 A.

Preservation
 B. Compilation, and
 C. Standardization.
PRESERVATION
OF THE QUR’AN
 A) Memorization
 B) Documentation
‫‪MEMORIZATION‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The Prophet the first Hafiz.‬‬

‫‪ Prophet’s haste.‬‬
‫ه(‪ )16‬إ َّ‬
‫ن اعلا ْيناا‬ ‫ج ا‬
‫ل بِّ ِّ‬ ‫ك لِّت ْاع ا‬
‫سانا ا‬
‫ه لِّ ا‬ ‫‪ ‬اَل ُتح ِّار ْ‬
‫ك بِّ ِّ‬
‫ِّ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ام اع ُه و ُاق ْرآنا ُه(‪ )17‬اف ِّإ اذا اق ارأنااه فات ِّبع ق ْرآناه(‪)18‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ج ْ‬
‫ن اعلا ْيناا باياانا ُه(‪ )19‬القيامة‪.‬‬ ‫م إ َّ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ث‬
‫ِّ‬
 Prophet and companions. Individual and
collective learning.
 Prophet’s recitation.
 Rehearsal with Jibril.
 Recitation in groups.
 Abu Musa al-Ash`ari.
 Abdullah bin Mas`ud.
 Abu Bakr in his Surau.
 Mushrik leaders’ and the Qur’an.
 Abu Jahl, Abu Sufyan and Akhnas.
RECORDING
 40 scribes.
 Four caliphs, Ubay bin Ka`ab, Mu`adh bin
Jabal, Zayd bin Thabit, Khalid, Mu`awiyah
etc.
 Divine order..
 Jibril’s rehearsal and the order.
 Writing materials:
 Some papers, animal skin, light stone,
branches of date palm, scapula of
Camels etc.
 Leather bag. Companions’ borrowing.
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The last revelation:‬‬
‫م ُت او َّفى ُك ُّ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ّللا ُث َّ‬
‫ه إِّلاى ِّ‬ ‫ج ُع ا‬
‫ون فِّي ِّ‬ ‫‪( ‬وااتَّ ُق ْ‬
‫وا يا ْوماً ُت ْر ا‬
‫م ا‬ ‫م َل ا ُي ْ‬
‫ظل ا ُ‬ ‫تو ُ‬ ‫سب ا ْ‬ ‫س َّما اك ا‬
‫ون) (البقرة ‪:‬‬ ‫اه ْ‬ ‫نا ْف ٍ‬
‫‪) 281‬‬
Prophet’s departure and
the Qur’anic compilation
 Continuous revelation
 Nasikh and Mansukh
 The order
 Time (2:281)
 Emergencies.
COMPILATION

 Abu Bakr’s caliphate and terrible

challenges.
 The apostates, the deniers to pay zakat,
false Prophets.
 Battle of Yamamah.
 ‘Umar’s proposal to Caliph.
 Caliph’s hesitation. Zayd’s approach.
 Selection of Zayd: reasons.
 ‘Umar’s role in compilation.
 Zayd’s role.
 Methodology:
 Written,
 Witnesses,
 Memorized.
 Compilation: 1 year.
 Ijma`.
 Abu Bakr, ‘Umar and Hafsah bint ‘Umar.
STANDARDIZATION
 Background
 Expansion of Islamic territory.
 Huge new converts at Syria in the war of
Armenia and Azerbaijan.
 Serious differences and conflicts.
 Hudhayfah al-Yaman’s (R.A.) appeal to
Caliph.
 ‘Uthman’s (r.a.) consultation with the
members of Shura.
 Committee Members: 4
 Source.
 Language.
 Few copies. Various regions.
 Authenticated copy.
 Issue of burning.
 The same Qur’an exists today.
BETWEEN COMPILATION AND
STANDARDIZATION
 A) Background
 B) Source
 C) Reading style
 D) Compiler
 E) Copy no.
AUTHENTICITY OF THE QUR’AN
 A) Historical perspective
 B) Practical perspective
 C) Its Message
 D) Its Style
 E) Miraculous and Challenging
 F) Admonitions to Prophet
A) Historical Perspective
 Allah’s protection for the Qur’an.
 Memorization and documentation.
 The Companions memorized and wrote it.
 Prophetic confirmation after writing.
 His rehearsal with Jibril.
 Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman’s roles in
compilation.
B) Practical perspective

 Distortion of divine book/s.

 Torah and injil.
 Babylonian massacre in 586BC and
Torah.
 Compilation by Ezra, and scientific
method.
 Original Injil lost.
 From 70 Injils.
 Divinely revealed? Jesus dictated?
 3 centuries after Jesus.
 Survey by Munich university on 40000
copies of the Qur’an for about 50 years.
C) Its Message
 Comprehensive, rational, balanced, all-
time valid.
 Comparison with Human books.
D) Its Language and Style
 Wonderful, highly noble and pure.
 You can’t replace it by any other word.
E) Miraculous and Challenging
 Whole Qur’an: Surah Tur 33-34,
 Ten chapters: Surah Hud 13-14
 One chapter: Baqarah 23-24, Yunus: 38
 Whole mankind and Jinns: Isra’: 88
F) Admonitions to Prophet
 Story of a Blind man (Surah ‘Abasa)
 Prisoners of Badr (Anfal: 67)
 Marriage of Zaynab and Prophet’s
hesitation (Ahzab: 37)
 Halal thing was made haram (Tahrim 1-
5)
 ‫ه‬ ‫) اْل ا ا‬44(‫يل‬
ُ ‫خ ْذناا ِّم ْن‬ ِّ ِّ ‫او‬ ‫ا‬
‫ق‬ ‫اْل ا‬
ْ ‫ل اعلا ْيناا ب ْاعضا‬ ‫والا ْو تا اق َّو ا‬
‫) افماا‬46( ‫م لا اقطا ْعناا ِّم ْن ُه ْال اوتِّينا‬ َّ ‫) ُث‬45(‫ين‬ ِّ ‫م‬ِّ ‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ْ ِّ‫ب‬
‫ال‬
.‫) الحاقة‬47( ‫ج ِّزينا‬ ِّ ‫ح ٍد اع ْن ُه حاا‬ ‫نأ ا‬‫ا‬ ْ ‫م ِّم‬ ْ ‫ِّم ْن ُك‬