Practice multiple choice questions

1.What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

a.Oxygen and lactic acid
b.Carbon dioxide and water
c. Glucose and oxygen
d.Water and glucose

1.As glucose is broken down, the waste product is in the form of:
a.Lactic acid
b.Carbon dioxide
c.ATP
d.Ammonia
Stage One: GLYCOLYSIS
* A ten step process occurring in the
cytoplasm
Stage Two: PYRUVATE OXIDATION
* A one step process occurring in the mitochondria

Stage Three: KREB’S CYCLE (a.k.a citric acid cycle)

* An eight step process occurring in the mitochondria

Stage Four: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

* A multi-step process occurring in the mitochondria
STAGE ONE: GLYCOLYSIS

“Sugar Splitting”
 Glycolysis
• First stage of cellular respiration
• Starts with glucose (6-C sugar) which is split into two 3-C units called
pyruvate (pyruvic acid)
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme
• Anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
• Net energy produced is 2ATP and 2NADH
– Recall NAD+ : coenzyme used in your cells, gets reduced into NADH

 Glycolysis is thought to be the earliest form of energy metabolism

 Net Glycolytic Equation:

C6H12O6 + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+  2 pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2O

• Net gain of 2 ATP from glycolysis

• Glycolysis is extremely inefficient at harvesting energy
• The energy conversion for efficiency of glycolysis is as follows:
2 moles of ATP x 31kJ/mol ATP = 62kJ

Total free energy in 1 mole of glucose = 2870kJ

efficiency = energy out/energy in x 100%

62kJ/2870kJ x 100% = 2.2%

 This shows that glycolysis only transfers 2.2% of the potential 100% from
each glucose molecule. Extremely inefficient! What should we
do…..Ahhhhh!!
 1

ATP 3

5
4

dihydroxyacteone phosphate (DHAP)

10
 Step One: ATP phosphorylates glucose
Step Two: Isomerase rearranges
Step Three: ATP phosphorylates
Step Four and Five: Splitting and converting
Step Six: NAD+ reduced to NADH
Step Seven: Substrate phosphorylation
Step Eight: Isomerase rearranges
Step Nine: Conversion
Step Ten: Substrate phosphorylation

• After step 10 you have two pyruvate molecules. These pyruvate

have two options: aerobic respiration or fermentation.
 (Isomerase)

(Isomerase)
 Homework
• Section 4.2 p. 172-174
• Know it! 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
8Kn6BVGqKd8

https://create.kahoot.it/details/glycoly
sis/313f9d0b-8e97-4efe-a5f1-
8bbed3252119