Enterprise Architecture,

IT Infrastructure, and
Cloud Computing
Minder Chen, Ph.D.
CSU Channel Islands
Martin V. Smith School of Business and Economics
Minder.Chen@CSUCI.EDU

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 1

 Big Picture
Need: Resilience,
Context Flexibility, Opportunism
Drivers: People,
Business Process, Information,
Strategy Relationships

Focus: Focus:
“Processized” Governance
Analysis – Business IT Portfolio
Strategy Architecture
Vocabulary Processes Sourcing
Metrics

Approach:

Business Cost/Value
IT Solutions Analysis
Capabilities

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 2

Zackman Framework

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Source: http://www.zifa.com/framework.pdf EA and IT Infrastructure - 3

 Heat Map

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 4

 IT Infrastructure
• “The hardware, software, and telecommunication/
networking systems or equipment together provide the
underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.”

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 5

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 6
 Web-based IT Infrastructure

3 (N)-Tier Application User

Interface
Architecture
App.
Process Data
Software
Applications
Firewall

Browsers
WWW
HTTP Internet Run dynamic
DBMS
business logic
TCP/IP
components
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 7
 Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution

Mainframe/Mini Computers

Personal Computer

Client/Sever Computing

Web-based enterprise applications

Cloud Computing/mobile device

BYOD (Bring Your Own Devices)

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 8

 The Network Is the Computer
• "Sun has always been very early, and often way
too early with a lot of our ideas.
• For example, in the '80s we were preaching that
the network is the computer.
• Shame on us for not summing it up in one word
– cloud.“

– Scott McNealy

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 9

 On the Cloud
• The cloud symbol is often used as a notation as a
network in the a system architecture diagram.

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 10

 Virtualization

# of
Data Centers
in America?

7,000
Economist Survey on IT, 2008
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 11
 Service Utilization

% of Utilized
Server Capacity
on Average?

6%
IDC, 2008
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 12
 Over Provisioning = Waste

Capacity
Resources

Demand

Time
13
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 13
 Without Virtualization

• All require same power

• All emit same heat
• All require physical space
• Setup, (re-)configuration
• Maintenance, support…

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 14

 With Virtualization

Flexibility
Rapid provisioning
Disaster Recovery
High Availability

Automation
Systems Management
integration
Adaptive Datacenter

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 15

 Definition of Cloud Computing
• The NIST definition of cloud computing:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction.
• The ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk
resources and that these resources.

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 16

 Characteristics of Cloud Services
NIST identifies several characteristics for a service to be
considered “Cloud”:
• On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to
sign up and receive services without the long delays
that have characterized traditional IT.
• Broad network access: Ability to access the service via
standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc).
• Resource pooling: Resources are pooled across
multiple customers.
• Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with
demand peaks.
• Measured Service: Billing is metered and delivered as a
utility service can be acquired quickly and easily.

http://resources.idgenterprise.com/original/AST-0032300_Understanding_the_Cloud_Computing_Stack.pdf

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 17

 Platform Continuum

On-Premises Hosted Cloud

Servers Servers Platform

• Bring your own • Renting machines, • Shared, multi-tenant

machines, connectivity, connectivity, software infrastructure
software, etc. • Less control • Virtualized & dynamic
• Complete control
• Fewer responsibilities • Scalable & available
• Complete responsibility
• Lower capital costs • Abstracted from the
• Static capabilities
• More flexible infrastructure
• Upfront capital costs
for the infrastructure • Pay for fixed capacity, • Higher-level services
even if idle • Pay as you go
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 18
 Deployment Models: Cloud Computing
• Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud,
Hybrid cloud

Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 19
Fulfilled by
Amazon

Software as a service
(SaaS) http://www.salesforce.com/

Google AppEngine
PaaS

http://aws.amazon.com/
Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 20
 Cloud-based Storages/Apps
• DropBox
• Google’s GoogleDocs

• Microsoft SkyDrive
• Amazon Cloud Drive
• Apple’s iCloud

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 21

 Fulfilled By Amazon

Source:
• http://services.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon/how-it-works.htm
• http://amazongenius.com/fulfillmentbyamazon/

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 22

 Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution
• Moore’s law and micro-processing power
 Computing power doubles every 2 years
 Contrary factors: Heat dissipation needs, power
consumption concerns
 Nanotechnology: May shrink size of transistors to width
of several atoms
• Law of Mass Digital Storage
 The amount of data being stored each year doubles
• Metcalfe’s Law and network economy
 Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a
function of the number of network members
 As network members increase, more people want to use it
(demand for network access increases)

http://www.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/idc-digital-universe/iview.htm

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 23

Advancing Rates of Technology (Silicon, Storage, Telecom)

Smaller & faster

& cheaper

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 24

 Data Volume
210 =1028

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 25

 Storage: Falling Costs and Rising Investment

http://www.emc.com/collateral/about/news/idc-emc-digital-universe-2011-infographic.pdf
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 26
© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 27
 Backup Slides

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 28

© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 EA and IT Infrastructure - 29