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Biological and Other

Learner-Related Variables
in Language Learning
Cognitive Factors:
Aptitude and Intelligence
SECOND LANGUAGE

-any language learned in addition to a


person’s first language.

PANGASINAN FILIPINO
TWO FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SLL
1.Internal Factors

- These factors stem from the learner’s


minds.
- includes determination to learn a
language, hard work, and persistence
being exerted in learning the
language.
2. External Factors

- These factors stem outside the


learner’s mind.
- The learners do not have control
or power over these as it includes
the Learning Environment and
Teaching Strategies.
INTERNAL FACTORS

1.Affective Factors
2.Cognitive Factors
AFFECTIVE FACTORS
- refers to the learner’s attitude
to the learning process.
- these factors have been
identified as being critical to SLL as
it includes the anxiety, personality,
social attitudes such as gender
roles, and community views,
language attitude.
COGNITIVE FACTORS

The learner has metal factors or


characteristics that make him more
successful than others and these 2
factors seem to be the most
effective and important in the
success of SLL.
1.Intelligence
2.Language Aptitude
INTELLIGENCE
-mental abilities that are measured
by an IQ (Intelligence Quotient)
test.
- In the matter of Language Analysis
and Rules Learning (Grammatical
rules), intelligence is very important
but in the matter of Communication
and Interaction it is considered as
less important.
It is observed that students with good
intelligence are able to do well in SLL in
formal classrooms but it still varies from
learners to learners. It is important to
remember that intelligence is complex and
learners have any and different kinds of
abilities and intelligences. And an individual
with strong academic performance does not
necessarily mean that he can be successful in
language learning.
LANGUAGE APTITUDE
- Refers to the potential for achievement in learning a language.
- It is said that to be effective in SLL, an aptitude test is designed to
make a prediction about an individual’s future achievements in
language learning.
- Aptitude for Language Learning is composed of 4 types of activities:
- 1. Ability to identify and memorize new sounds
- 2. Ability to understand the function of particular words in
sentences.
- 3. Ability to figure our grammatical rules.
- 4. Ability to memorize new words.
Individual differences in
intelligence, and aptitude are
important determining factors in
both rate of learning and eventual
success in learning a language but
these two cognitive factors should
not be a predictor and a basis to tell
whether a learner is a successful
second language learner.

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