Antibiotics

Ch 37
 Definition
 Medications to treat bacterial infections

 Ideally, culture of suspect area should be

done BEFORE starting antibiotic
 Classifications
 Sulfonamides
 Penicillins
 Cephalosporins
 Tetracyclines
 Macrolides
 Aminoglycosides
 Quinolones
 Uses
 Treatment of exisiting infection
 Prevention of infection
 Responses
 Therapeutic – decrease in s/s of infection
 Subtherapeutic – s/s of infection do not
improve
 Superinfection
 Antibiotic resistance
 Allergic reactions
 Actions
 Bactericidal = kill bacteria
 Bacteriostatic – slow or interfere with growth
of bacteria
 Sulfonamides
 Bacteriostatic
 Treat: utis
 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
 URIs
 Otitis media
 Often in combinatiion
 Bactrim, Septra, Pediazole, Gantrisin
 Sulfonamide Side Effects
 Anemia, thrombocytopenia
 Photosensitivity
 Avoid tanning beds
 Avoid sunlight

 N-V-D
 uriticaria
 Penicillins
 Natural
 Penicilllin G
 Penicillin V

 Aminopenicillins
 Amoxicillin
 Ampicillin

 Penicillinase-resistant
 Oxacillin
 Nafcillin
 PCN Adverse Effects
 Allergy
 Rash, swelling, itching
 Cephalosporins
 Semisynthetic
 Related to penicillin
 Bactericidal
 4 generations
 Cephalosporin Uses
 Surgical prophylaxis
 URIs
 Otitis media
 Cephalosporin Examples
 Ancef
 Kefzol
 Mefoxin
 Ceftin
 Rocephin – also used to tx meningitis
 Cephalosporin Side Effects
 Similar to PCN
 Macrolides
 Erythromycin
 Zithromax
 Biaxin
 Macrolide Uses
 Strep infections
 Mild-to-moderate URIs
 Lyme disease
 STDs
 Macrolide Side Effects
 GI
 N-V-D
 Hepatotoxicity
 Flatulence
 anorexia
 Tetracyclines
 Tetracycline
 Vibramycin
 Minocycline

 Bacteriostatic action
 Tetracycline Uses
 Syphilis
 Lyme disease
 Pleural & pericardial effusions
 Tetracyclines
 Effectiveness reduced by
 Dairy products
 Antacids
 Iron

 Will discolor teeth

 May slow fetal skeletal development
 Tetracycline Side Effects
 N-V-D
 Superinfection
 Pseudomembranous colitis
 Aminoglycosides
 Gentamicin
 Kanamycin
 Neomycin
 Streptomycin
 amikin
 Aminoglycosides
 Poor oral absorption
 No oral forms, only IV
 TOXICITY cautions
 Nephro
 oto

 Bactericidal action
 Aminoglycosides
 Pseudomonas
 E.coli
 Klebsiella

 Often used along with other antibiotics

 Quinolones
 Cipro
 Floxin
 Levaquin
 Tequin
 Quinolones
 Excellent oral absorption
 Antacids interfere with absorption

 bactericidal
 Quinolones
 Lower respiratory tract infections
 Bone & joint infections
 Infectious diarrhea
 UTIs
 Skin infections
 STDs
 Anthrax
 Quinolone Side Effects
 HA
 N-V-D
 Allergic reaction
 Others
 Vancomycin
 Tx of MRSA
 Must monitor blood levels
 Caution: oto & nephro-toxic
 Nursing
 Instruct pt to take meds for full length of time
– do not stop when feeling better
 Assess for s/s of superinfection
 All oral antibiotics are better absorbed if
taken with a minimum of 6 – 8 ounces of
water