Qualitative

Research
Instructor: Ms. Armie U. Landrito
I.E.T.I College Alabang
Chapter
1
What is
Research?
Research is defined as the scientific
investigation of phenomena which
includes collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of facts that
aligns as individual’s speculation with
reality.
Eliciting prior knowledge and definition of
research can be extracted by various authors in
print media, new media, and multi media.
 Martin Shuttleworth – Research includes any
gathering of data, information and facts for
the advancement of knowledge.
 Creswell states – “Research is a process of
steps used to collect and analyze information
to increase our understanding of a topic or
issue.” It consist three steps: Pose a question,
collect data to answer the question, and
present an answer to the question.
 The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
defines research as “ a studious inquiry or
examination; especially: investigation or
experimentation aimed at the discovery
and interpretation of facts, revision of
accepted theories or laws in the light of
new facts.
 Rummel, J Francis – an Introduction to
Research Procedures in Education. A
careful inquiry or examination to discover
new information, relationships to expand
and verify the existing knowledge.
 Kothari, C.R. – Research Methodology:
Methods and Techniques. The pursuit of
truth with the help of study, observation,
comparison and experiment; the search
for knowledge through objective and
systematic method of finding solutions to a
problem.
Research in
our daily life
 The technology we used today and the
advancement of human life in the new
generation such as mobile devices of
android phones, apple laptops, stuff in
modern electrical engineering, nano-
technology, modern medicine, bio-genetic
engineering and countless mention.
 All these product including the social
media software we enjoy and use in the
palm of our hand are some of the reasons
why research is important in our daily life.
 Only few have great appreciation of
research work. In different life’s
dimension, research is a worthwhile
endeavor, in education, business, personal
or finding a partner in life.
 Research is actually is the basic
underpinning for a successful endeavor.
Everything in life, business, love, education
and family requires run-up as a new
beginning.
Importance
and Purpose
of Research
The purpose of research varies across
different scientific fields and disciplines.

 to solve problems
 to make sound decision; is very vital to
our everyday decision making.
 to obtain academic degrees
 to unveil the truth
 to acquaint with the facts/happening
 to find out casual/underlying relationships
Characteristics
of Research:
1. Empirical – Research is based on direct
experience or observation by the
researcher. (For example; the researcher
can come up with; Listening to
instrumental music while studying has a
negative impact on the effectiveness
of studies.)
2. Logical – Research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical – Research is a cyclical process
because it starts with a problem and ends
with problem.
4. Analytical – Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering the
data, whether historical, descriptive,
experimental and case study.
5. Critical – Research exhibits careful and
precise judgment.
6. Methodical – Research is conducted in a
methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability – The research design and
procedures are replicated or repeated to
enable the researcher to arrive at valid and
conclusive results.
Types of
Research:
1. Basic Research. This is also called as
“fundamental research” or “pure research” It
seeks to discover basic truths or principles.
2. Applied Research. This type of research involves
seeking new applications of scientific knowledge
to the solution of a problem, such as a
development of a new system or procedure, new
device, or new method in order to solve the
problem.
3. Developmental Research. This is a decision-
oriented research involving the application of
the steps of the scientific method in response to
an immediate need to improve existing
practices.
Classification
of Research:
1. Library Research. This is done in the
library where answers to specific questions
or problems of the study are available.
2. Field Research. Research is conducted in a
natural settings.
3. Laboratory Research. The research is
conducted in artificial or controlled
condition by isolating the study in a
thoroughly specified area.
What is
Qualitative
Research?
What is an example of qualitative
research?

Artifacts and archival records are just

two examples of sources for qualitative
research. Observations are another key
source for many researchers. There are
many types of observation. So, you are
doing overt participant observation.
What is an example of a qualitative
data?

It does not refer to aspects that can be

numbered or measured.
Qualitative aspects are subjective and
abstract qualities, not objective or concrete
factors. Examples of Gustatory Imagery
Kinetic Energy Examples. Examples of
Quantitative Data Examples of Sound Energy
Examples of Ways to Measure Volume.
What is an example of a quantitative
data?

Quantitative data is information about

quantities; that is, information that can be
measured and written down with numbers.
Some examples of qualitative data are the
softness of your skin, the grace with which
you run, and the color of your eyes.
However, try telling Photoshop you can't
measure color with numbers.
 Qualitative Methods
Case Study Research
 A case study is a research method
common in social science. It is
based on an in-depth
investigation of a single
individual, group, or event. Case
studies may be descriptive
(describing/classifying) or
explanatory.
 Qualitative Methods
Record Keeping
 Data collection, Analysis, and
Interpretation.
 Record what people, events and
situations were involved; Record
methods and processes
that ​record keeping can be kept
consistent between data
collectors and locations by having
forms.
 Qualitative Methods
Process of observation
 is the process of watching
someone or something.
Often, observation is an informal
action, but it can also be formal
and involve data collection.
An observation can also be the
collected information itself.
 Qualitative Methods
Process of observation

 Qualitative observation deals with data

that can be observed with our senses:
sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing.
They do not involve measurements or
numbers. For instance, colors, shapes,
and textures of objects are
all qualitative observations.
 Qualitative Methods
Ethnographic Research
 Ethnographic research is a qualitative
method where researchers observe and/or
interact with a study's participants in their
real-life environment. Ethnography was
popularized by anthropology, but is used
across a wide range of social sciences.
 Qualitative Methods
Ethnographic Research
 Ethnography is the systematic study of
people and cultures. It is designed to explore
cultural phenomena where the researcher
observes society from the point of view of
the subject of the study. An ethnography is a
means to represent graphically and in
writing the culture of a group.
Qualitative Methods
Qualitative Methods
 Qualitative Methods
Focus Groups
 A focus group discussion (FGD) is a
good way to gather together people
from similar backgrounds or
experiences to discuss a specific topic
of interest.
 Qualitative Methods
One-on-One Interview
 The One to One job interview is the
most common interview where only
the interviewer and the interviewee
is present. The format of the
interview is conversational with the
interviewer driving the agenda in
the beginning and the interviewee
asking questions towards the end.
 Qualitative Methods
Three Types of Interviews
• Formal Interview
• Informational Interview
• Informal Interview
 Qualitative Methods
Three Types of Interviews

• Formal Interview
 A formal job interview involves the familiar
cover letter and resume application process,
scheduled interview with a hiring manager or
panel, and series of questions about your job
skills, qualifications, experience and
education.
 Qualitative Methods
Three Types of Interviews

• Informational Interview
 An informational interview does not require a
job seeker to bring a resume, but it can
provide some very insightful information that
leads to success in his desired field. This type
of interview requires finding a professional in
the industry you're hoping to break into and
asking him for 20 to 30 minutes of his time.
 Qualitative Methods
Three Types of Interviews

• Informal Interview
 Informal interviews take place when you're
not even thinking about it. Whether you're
riding the subway, having lunch at a
neighborhood bistro or browsing through a
selection of novels at your local bookstore,
others are judging you.
Thank You…
GOD BLESS
